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Defining when the Italian Renaissance occurred is somewhat difficult, but the most generous estimate goes from the 1380s to the 1550s. Typically, the Italian Renaissance has been tied to fortunes of Florence and Rome (especially Florence). At the end of the 14th century, after the collapse of the Florentine and Roman economies due to the Great Famine of 13150-1317 caused by the Little Ice Age, the disruption of trade by warbetween England and France, and the devastation of the Black Plague, Rome and Florence began to rebound. It These catastrophes actually helped start the Renaissance because it was initially driven by artists such as Petrarch and Dante who began to question the authority of the Church and because it had failed to alleviate the previous beliefssuffering of Italians during these catastrophes.

The end of the Italian is directly tied to Florence's decline and the eventual abandonment of the ideals of the Renaissance . This slow slide began with the invasion of Florence in 1494 by France and gained speed as Italy broke out into warfare between its city-states. Additionally, like most significant political and intellectual movements, it the Renaissance gave birth to a severe significant intellectual and religious backlash. By the 1550s, many of the works of literature and art that help birth the Renaissance were banned. By the mid-1550s, the Italian Renaissance was essentially over. While the Renaissance died in Florence and Rome, its ideas, beliefs, and art had spread across Europe. These other Renaissances continued even as Florence's and Rome's rebirth stalledended.