https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&feed=atom&action=historyHow did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul - Revision history2024-03-29T13:53:12ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=23311&oldid=prevAdmin: Admin moved page How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul? to How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul2021-09-17T04:55:10Z<p>Admin moved page <a href="/How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul?">How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul?</a> to <a href="/How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul" title="How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul">How did Caesar's conquest of Gaul change both Rome and Gaul</a></p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:55, 17 September 2021</td>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=23310&oldid=prevAdmin at 04:54, 17 September 20212021-09-17T04:54:53Z<p></p>
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</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC).jpg |thumbnail|left|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">200px</del>|A bust of Julius Cesar]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC).jpg |thumbnail|left|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">250px</ins>|A bust of Julius Cesar]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Cesar is one of the most famous men in history. He was one of the greatest military commanders of all time and transformed the Roman Republic into an Empire.  One of Cesar’s greatest achievements was Gaul's conquest in a series of bloody wars (57-51 BCE). This conquest was not only a remarkable achievement, but it had a profound impact on the future of Europe. It changed the balance of power within the Roman Republic.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Cesar is one of the most famous men in history. He was one of the greatest military commanders of all time and transformed the Roman Republic into an Empire.  One of Cesar’s greatest achievements was Gaul's conquest in a series of bloody wars (57-51 BCE). This conquest was not only a remarkable achievement, but it had a profound impact on the future of Europe. It changed the balance of power within the Roman Republic.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19" >Line 19:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest of Gaul strengthen Caesar's Political standing?==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest of Gaul strengthen Caesar's Political standing?==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg |thumbnail|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">300px</del>|left|Julius Cesar receiving the surrender of the Gallic leader after Alesia]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg |thumbnail|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">250px</ins>|left|Julius Cesar receiving the surrender of the Gallic leader after Alesia]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first and most immediate consequence of the war was that it upset Rome's balance of power. The First Triumvirate was a political arrangement between Pompey, Crassus, and Cesar. This arrangement allowed the three most powerful men in Rome to achieve their respective goals. However, Crassus was killed in an ill-advised invasion of Parthia.<ref> Plutarch. <i>The Life of Crassus</i>. 5</ref> This left Pompey and Cesar as the two most powerful men in Rome.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first and most immediate consequence of the war was that it upset Rome's balance of power. The First Triumvirate was a political arrangement between Pompey, Crassus, and Cesar. This arrangement allowed the three most powerful men in Rome to achieve their respective goals. However, Crassus was killed in an ill-advised invasion of Parthia.<ref> Plutarch. <i>The Life of Crassus</i>. 5</ref> This left Pompey and Cesar as the two most powerful men in Rome.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest change Gaul?==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest change Gaul?==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: 640px-Archeodrome Beaune 2.jpg |thumbnail|left|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">300px</del>| Recreation of Roman fortifications in Gaul]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: 640px-Archeodrome Beaune 2.jpg |thumbnail|left|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">250px</ins>| Recreation of Roman fortifications in Gaul]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=22658&oldid=prevAdmin at 00:49, 24 March 20212021-03-24T00:49:33Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:49, 24 March 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3" >Line 3:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Cesar is one of the most famous men in history. He was one of the greatest military commanders of all time and transformed the Roman Republic into an Empire.  One of Cesar’s greatest achievements was Gaul's conquest in a series of bloody wars (57-51 BCE). This conquest was not only a remarkable achievement, but it had a profound impact on the future of Europe. It changed the balance of power within the Roman Republic.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Cesar is one of the most famous men in history. He was one of the greatest military commanders of all time and transformed the Roman Republic into an Empire.  One of Cesar’s greatest achievements was Gaul's conquest in a series of bloody wars (57-51 BCE). This conquest was not only a remarkable achievement, but it had a profound impact on the future of Europe. It changed the balance of power within the Roman Republic.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">it allowed </del>Caesar <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to overthrow </del>the Roman Republic and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">establish </del>the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, Caesar <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">overthrew </ins>the Roman Republic and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">established </ins>the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did Julius Caesar conquer Gaul?==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did Julius Caesar conquer Gaul?==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pompey and Caesar were not only leaders of the Triumvirate but family. Pompey had been the son-in-law of Caesar.  Both Julia, Caesar's daughter, and Pompey’s wife, died in childbirth. Her death weakened the alliance between the two men. Many regarded Cesar as a war-monger in the Roman Senate and believed that he was engaged in Gaul's illegal war.<ref> Holland, p. 178</ref> The Roman senators were not concerned with the Gauls' fate but were extremely suspicious of Caesar's motives. They believed that he was building up a power base in Gaul, and he was treating the legions under his command as his private army.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pompey and Caesar were not only leaders of the Triumvirate but family. Pompey had been the son-in-law of Caesar.  Both Julia, Caesar's daughter, and Pompey’s wife, died in childbirth. Her death weakened the alliance between the two men. Many regarded Cesar as a war-monger in the Roman Senate and believed that he was engaged in Gaul's illegal war.<ref> Holland, p. 178</ref> The Roman senators were not concerned with the Gauls' fate but were extremely suspicious of Caesar's motives. They believed that he was building up a power base in Gaul, and he was treating the legions under his command as his private army.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The senators feared that Cesar would seize power and become a dictator just as Sulla had. Many of the Roman elite were suspicious of Cesar because of Marius's close connections and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Popularas </del>party. During the war, Caesar had <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">been able to retain </del>control of his legions because he claimed that they were needed in Gaul's conquest.<ref> Holland, p 214</ref> With the end of the conflict, he was not supposed to retain control of his army.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The senators feared that Cesar would seize power and become a dictator just as Sulla had. Many of the Roman elite were suspicious of Cesar because of Marius's close connections and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Populares </ins>party. During the war, Caesar had <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">retained </ins>control of his legions because he claimed that they were needed in Gaul's conquest.<ref> Holland, p 214</ref> With the end of the conflict, he was not supposed to retain control of his army.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Cesar’s great victory at Alessia, the Senate demanded that he return to Rome and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">give up </del>command <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </del>his legions. The Senate had the law on its side, but Caesar was worried that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">if he gave up his legions, </del>he would be vulnerable to his Roman enemies. Caesar demanded that he be given an extraordinary command and that he be allowed to command some legions. Pompey sided with the Senate, and he began to regard Cesar as his enemy.<ref> Goldsworthy, p 278</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Cesar’s great victory at Alessia, the Senate demanded that he return to Rome and command his legions. The Senate had the law on its side, but Caesar was worried that he would be vulnerable to his Roman enemies <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">if he gave up his legions</ins>. Caesar demanded that he be given an extraordinary command and that he be allowed to command some legions. Pompey sided with the Senate, and he began to regard Cesar as his enemy.<ref> Goldsworthy, p 278</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Senate rejected Caesar's proposal. Caesar, bold as ever, tried to force the issue and marched his legions on Rome.  Caesar claimed that there was a conspiracy against him ‘it was evident to everyone that war was designed against Caesar.’ <ref> Cesar, 8 55</ref> When he ordered his legionnaires to cross the River Rubicon, he defied the Senate, which made the Civil War inevitable. The Gallic Wars made Cesar the most powerful man in Rome, resulting in a civil war.  Caesar used his legions of battle-hardened veterans to defeat Pompey and the Republican army at Pharsalus.<ref> Holland, p. 278</ref> This civil war led to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>ascent <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of Caesar </del>as Rome's sole power. Caesar’s Gallic Wars were an important stage in the final downfall of the Roman Republic.<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Augustus</i> 15</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Senate rejected Caesar's proposal. Caesar, bold as ever, tried to force the issue and marched his legions on Rome.  Caesar claimed that there was a conspiracy against him ‘it was evident to everyone that war was designed against Caesar.’ <ref> Cesar, 8 55</ref> When he ordered his legionnaires to cross the River Rubicon, he defied the Senate, which made the Civil War inevitable. The Gallic Wars made Cesar the most powerful man in Rome, resulting in a civil war.  Caesar used his legions of battle-hardened veterans to defeat Pompey and the Republican army at Pharsalus.<ref> Holland, p. 278</ref> This civil war led to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Caesar's </ins>ascent as Rome's sole power. Caesar’s Gallic Wars were an important stage in the final downfall of the Roman Republic.<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Augustus</i> 15</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><dh-ad/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><dh-ad/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36" >Line 36:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The druids were among the Romans' fiercest opponents, and Caesar recognized them as one of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>primary obstacles <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to his conquest of Rome</del>. The Romans also hated the druids because they allegedly practiced human sacrifice as part of their religion. Caesar targeted the druids during his war with the Gallic tribes. In his history of the Gallic Wars, he reported that his armies would often target the Druids' sacred groves and killed many of these priests. He justified this violence because he argued that they were barbarians who engaged in bloody rites and ceremonies.<ref> <i>Caesar,</i>, 7. 34</ref> Caesar eliminated the druids and destroyed their shrines and sanctuaries.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The druids were among the Romans' fiercest opponents, and Caesar recognized them as one of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rome's </ins>primary obstacles. The Romans also hated the druids because they allegedly practiced human sacrifice as part of their religion. Caesar targeted the druids during his war with the Gallic tribes. In his history of the Gallic Wars, he reported that his armies would often target the Druids' sacred groves and killed many of these priests. He justified this violence because he argued that they were barbarians who engaged in bloody rites and ceremonies.<ref> <i>Caesar,</i>, 7. 34</ref> Caesar eliminated the druids and destroyed their shrines and sanctuaries.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the druids disappeared, the Celtic religion and culture rapidly decline. Trade between Gaul and Rome increased, and the Romans imposed their laws on Gauls. The increased trade transformed the province, and it quickly Romanized. The old Gallic elite soon began to imitate the Romans, and many learned Latin. Soon Roman-style villas dotted the Gaulish landscape. By the first century AD, the Gallic elite was so Romanized that some were admitted into the Senate by Emperor Claudius.<ref> Tacitus. Annals. 6. 45</ref>. Many historians believe that Celtic Gaul was doomed anyway and that the German tribes would have conquered it. Around the time of the Roman invasion, many German tribes were raiding and even settling in Gaul. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">One of </del>Caesar's justifications for his war <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </del>that he sought to protect Roman interests in Gaul from the Germans.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the druids disappeared, the Celtic religion and culture rapidly decline. Trade between Gaul and Rome increased, and the Romans imposed their laws on Gauls. The increased trade transformed the province, and it quickly Romanized. The old Gallic elite soon began to imitate the Romans, and many learned Latin. Soon Roman-style villas dotted the Gaulish landscape. By the first century AD, the Gallic elite was so Romanized that some were admitted into the Senate by Emperor Claudius.<ref> Tacitus. Annals. 6. 45</ref>. Many historians believe that Celtic Gaul was doomed anyway and that the German tribes would have conquered it. Around the time of the Roman invasion, many German tribes were raiding and even settling in Gaul. Caesar's justifications for his war <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </ins>that he sought to protect Roman interests in Gaul from the Germans.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest of Gaul change Rome?==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How did the Conquest of Gaul change Rome?==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l46" >Line 46:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Conclusion==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Conclusion==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The conquest of Gaul by Caesar was to have momentous consequences. It resulted in a large area of western Europe coming under the sway of the Romans. From Gaul, they could expand their empire into parts of Germany and Britain. The Roman province of Gaul was to remain part of the Roman Empire until 450 AD. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>conquest <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of Roman </del>changed Gaul's character and led to the decline of the local Celtic civilization and the rise of a Romano-Gallic culture. This culture played a critical role in the development of the kingdom of France during the Middle Ages. If Caesar had not conquered, the Germanic tribes might have completely overrun Gaul.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The conquest of Gaul by Caesar was to have momentous consequences. It resulted in a large area of western Europe coming under the sway of the Romans. From Gaul, they could expand their empire into parts of Germany and Britain. The Roman province of Gaul was to remain part of the Roman Empire until 450 AD. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Roman's </ins>conquest changed Gaul's character and led to the decline of the local Celtic civilization and the rise of a Romano-Gallic culture. This culture played a critical role in the development of the kingdom of France during the Middle Ages. If Caesar had not conquered, the Germanic tribes might have completely overrun Gaul.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Perhaps the most immediate consequence of Gaul's conquest was that it upset the balance of power in Rome. It led to a confrontation between Cesar and the Roman Senate over control of Gaul's legions, which led to a civil war. Over the long term, this <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was to result </del>in Caesar's heir becoming the first Emperor of Rome. It could be argued that the most dramatic consequence of the Roman victories in Gaul was that they ultimately led to the emergence of the Imperial system in Rome.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Perhaps the most immediate consequence of Gaul's conquest was that it upset the balance of power in Rome. It led to a confrontation between Cesar and the Roman Senate over control of Gaul's legions, which led to a civil war. Over the long term, this <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">resulted </ins>in Caesar's heir becoming the first Emperor of Rome. It could be argued that the most dramatic consequence of the Roman victories in Gaul was that they ultimately led to the emergence of the Imperial system in Rome.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Recommended Readings====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Recommended Readings====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=22657&oldid=prevAdmin at 00:47, 24 March 20212021-03-24T00:47:32Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:47, 24 March 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, it allowed Caesar to overthrow the Roman Republic and establish the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, it allowed Caesar to overthrow the Roman Republic and establish the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Who was </del>Julius Caesar?==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did </ins>Julius Caesar <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conquer Gaul</ins>?==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Caesar was an aristocrat and a prominent politician in Rome. He had entered an informal arrangement with Pompey and Crassus, which had brought a measure of stability in Rome after many years of conflict. Cesar had himself appointed as commander of Roman Legions in the south of Gaul. Gaul was an area that approximated modern France, Luxembourg, part of the Netherlands, and Belgium. Gaul covered much of Western Europe.  Much of the area was dominated by Celtic tribes who had developed a sophisticated political system and culture.<ref> Caesar, Gallic Wars. 1.1</ref>  Cesar and some legions were in the south of Gaul to protect the Greek city-state of Massalia (Marseilles) from attack by Celtic tribes. Cesar was only instructed to repel any attackers, but as he was in the area, the Helvetti, from modern Switzerland, migrated into the region around Massalia.<ref> Goldsworthy, Adrian. Julius Caesar (London, Orion, 2007), p. 119 </ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Caesar was an aristocrat and a prominent politician in Rome. He had entered an informal arrangement with Pompey and Crassus, which had brought a measure of stability in Rome after many years of conflict. Cesar had himself appointed as commander of Roman Legions in the south of Gaul. Gaul was an area that approximated modern France, Luxembourg, part of the Netherlands, and Belgium. Gaul covered much of Western Europe.  Much of the area was dominated by Celtic tribes who had developed a sophisticated political system and culture.<ref> Caesar, Gallic Wars. 1.1</ref>  Cesar and some legions were in the south of Gaul to protect the Greek city-state of Massalia (Marseilles) from attack by Celtic tribes. Cesar was only instructed to repel any attackers, but as he was in the area, the Helvetti, from modern Switzerland, migrated into the region around Massalia.<ref> Goldsworthy, Adrian. Julius Caesar (London, Orion, 2007), p. 119 </ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar was a brilliant propagandist, and he had his dispatches from his campaigns read publicly in Rome. There were later collected together to form the history ‘The Gallic Wars.’  Because of the war, Caesar became very rich and famous, and soon he even began to eclipse Pompey the Great. Caesar could defeat war-like tribes such as the Nervii and Belgae because of his superior tactics and legions' brilliance. On many occasions, he conquered significantly larger Celtic armies.<ref> Holland, p 198</ref> The Roman general cleverly exploited Celtic battle tactics for his advantage and used fixed projectile firing weapons such as the scorpion and the ballista to break up the Gauls' mass charges.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar was a brilliant propagandist, and he had his dispatches from his campaigns read publicly in Rome. There were later collected together to form the history ‘The Gallic Wars.’  Because of the war, Caesar became very rich and famous, and soon he even began to eclipse Pompey the Great. Caesar could defeat war-like tribes such as the Nervii and Belgae because of his superior tactics and legions' brilliance. On many occasions, he conquered significantly larger Celtic armies.<ref> Holland, p 198</ref> The Roman general cleverly exploited Celtic battle tactics for his advantage and used fixed projectile firing weapons such as the scorpion and the ballista to break up the Gauls' mass charges.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By 54 BC, most of Gaul was under <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>control <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the Romans</del>. However, there was widespread discontent. According to Plutarch, the Celtic pagan priesthood known as the druids began to ‘incite the Celtic aristocracy against the Romans.’<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Caesar</i>. 15</ref> Secretly, the Gauls united and allied to expel the Romans.  Vercingetorix, chief of the Arverni tribe, led the many Gallic tribes and states. He proved to be a formidable general. He and his army drove the Romans from many areas.<ref> Caesar, 8. 16</ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>They adopted guerrilla tactics and usually refused to engage the Roman legions in battle. <ref> <i>Caesar</i>. 8 2</ref>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By 54 BC, most of Gaul was under <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Roman </ins>control. However, there was widespread discontent. According to Plutarch, the Celtic pagan priesthood known as the druids began to ‘incite the Celtic aristocracy against the Romans.’<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Caesar</i>. 15</ref> Secretly, the Gauls united and allied to expel the Romans.  Vercingetorix, chief of the Arverni tribe, led the many Gallic tribes and states. He proved to be a formidable general. He and his army drove the Romans from many areas.<ref> Caesar, 8. 16</ref> They adopted guerrilla tactics and usually refused to engage the Roman legions in battle. <ref> <i>Caesar</i>. 8 2</ref>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Caesar was besieging the Gauls at Alesia, Vercingetorix surrounded the Roman legions in a brilliant maneuver. The Roman army would have been demolished under any other general, but Caesar successfully turned that tide and defeated the Gaul’s at Alessia. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>The Battle of Alesia ended the Gallic rebellion. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Vercingetorix was later strangled as part of the Triumph of Caesar in Rome.<ref> Plutarch. Life of Caesar. 16</ref>  After his victories, Caesar typically left the local Gaul elites in power and imposed no new burdens on them. These favorable terms allowed Rome to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">kept </del>Gaul (already exhausted by so many unsuccessful battles) in obedience.<ref><i>Cesar</i>, 8.49</ref> Caesar’s victory in Gaul was total, and there was no further <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">any </del>attempt by the Gauls to throw off Roman rule. The area became a crucial part of the Roman Empire until the fall of the Western Empire in the mid-5th century AD.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Caesar was besieging the Gauls at Alesia, Vercingetorix surrounded the Roman legions in a brilliant maneuver. The Roman army would have been demolished under any other general, but Caesar successfully turned that tide and defeated the Gaul’s at Alessia. The Battle of Alesia ended the Gallic rebellion. Vercingetorix was later strangled as part of the Triumph of Caesar in Rome.<ref> Plutarch. Life of Caesar. 16</ref>  After his victories, Caesar typically left the local Gaul elites in power and imposed no new burdens on them. These favorable terms allowed Rome to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">keep </ins>Gaul (already exhausted by so many unsuccessful battles) in obedience.<ref><i>Cesar</i>, 8.49</ref> Caesar’s victory in Gaul was total, and there was no further attempt by the Gauls to throw off Roman rule. The area became a crucial part of the Roman Empire until the fall of the Western Empire in the mid-5th century AD.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Mediawiki:TabletAd1}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Impact of </del>the Conquest <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on Roman Politics==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did </ins>the Conquest <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of Gaul strengthen Caesar's Political standing?</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg |thumbnail|300px|left|Julius Cesar receiving the surrender of the Gallic leader after Alesia]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg |thumbnail|300px|left|Julius Cesar receiving the surrender of the Gallic leader after Alesia]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first and most immediate consequence of the war was that it upset Rome's balance of power. The First Triumvirate was a political arrangement between Pompey, Crassus, and Cesar. This arrangement allowed the three most powerful men in Rome to achieve their respective goals. However, Crassus was killed in an ill-advised invasion of Parthia.<ref> Plutarch. <i>The Life of Crassus</i>. 5</ref> This left Pompey and Cesar as the two most powerful men in Rome.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first and most immediate consequence of the war was that it upset Rome's balance of power. The First Triumvirate was a political arrangement between Pompey, Crassus, and Cesar. This arrangement allowed the three most powerful men in Rome to achieve their respective goals. However, Crassus was killed in an ill-advised invasion of Parthia.<ref> Plutarch. <i>The Life of Crassus</i>. 5</ref> This left Pompey and Cesar as the two most powerful men in Rome.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pompey and Caesar were not only leaders of the Triumvirate but family. Pompey had been the son-in-law of Caesar.  Both Julia, Caesar's daughter and Pompey’s wife, died in childbirth. Her death weakened the alliance between the two men. Many regarded Cesar as a war-monger in the Roman Senate and believed that he was engaged in Gaul's illegal war.<ref> Holland, p. 178</ref> The Roman senators were not concerned with the Gauls' fate but were extremely suspicious of Caesar's motives. They believed that he was building up a power base in Gaul, and he was treating the legions under his command as his private army.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pompey and Caesar were not only leaders of the Triumvirate but family. Pompey had been the son-in-law of Caesar.  Both Julia, Caesar's daughter<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and Pompey’s wife, died in childbirth. Her death weakened the alliance between the two men. Many regarded Cesar as a war-monger in the Roman Senate and believed that he was engaged in Gaul's illegal war.<ref> Holland, p. 178</ref> The Roman senators were not concerned with the Gauls' fate but were extremely suspicious of Caesar's motives. They believed that he was building up a power base in Gaul, and he was treating the legions under his command as his private army.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The senators feared that Cesar would seize power and become a dictator just as Sulla had. Many of the Roman elite were suspicious of Cesar because of Marius's close connections and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">popularas </del>party. During the war, Caesar had been able to retain control of his legions because he claimed that they were needed in Gaul's conquest.<ref> Holland, p 214</ref> With the end of the conflict, he was not supposed to retain control of his army.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The senators feared that Cesar would seize power and become a dictator just as Sulla had. Many of the Roman elite were suspicious of Cesar because of Marius's close connections and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Popularas </ins>party. During the war, Caesar had been able to retain control of his legions because he claimed that they were needed in Gaul's conquest.<ref> Holland, p 214</ref> With the end of the conflict, he was not supposed to retain control of his army.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Cesar’s great victory at Alessia, the Senate demanded that he return to Rome and give up command of his legions. The Senate had the law on its side, but Caesar was worried that if he gave up his legions, he would be vulnerable to his Roman enemies. Caesar demanded that he be given an extraordinary command and that he be allowed to command some legions. Pompey sided with the Senate, and he began to regard Cesar as his enemy.<ref> Goldsworthy, p 278</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After Cesar’s great victory at Alessia, the Senate demanded that he return to Rome and give up command of his legions. The Senate had the law on its side, but Caesar was worried that if he gave up his legions, he would be vulnerable to his Roman enemies. Caesar demanded that he be given an extraordinary command and that he be allowed to command some legions. Pompey sided with the Senate, and he began to regard Cesar as his enemy.<ref> Goldsworthy, p 278</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l33" >Line 33:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 32:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><dh-ad/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><dh-ad/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Impact of </del>the Conquest <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on the Gauls==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did </ins>the Conquest <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">change Gaul?</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: 640px-Archeodrome Beaune 2.jpg |thumbnail|left|300px| Recreation of Roman fortifications in Gaul]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: 640px-Archeodrome Beaune 2.jpg |thumbnail|left|300px| Recreation of Roman fortifications in Gaul]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Caesar destroyed the Celtic civilization in Gaul. The Celtic priesthood, the druids, were key to the culture and religion of Gaul. The Gauls, despite their sophistication, were a pre-literate people, although some used Greek for official purposes. The Druids were renowned for their remarkable memories, and they retained the oral history of the Gauls. The druids were also the judicial class, and they alone could remember the legal codes of the various tribes.<ref> Holland, p. 213</ref> The priestly class also played a significant role in the Celts' oral literature.  </div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 40:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the druids disappeared, the Celtic religion and culture rapidly decline. Trade between Gaul and Rome increased, and the Romans imposed their laws on Gauls. The increased trade transformed the province, and it quickly Romanized. The old Gallic elite soon began to imitate the Romans, and many learned Latin. Soon Roman-style villas dotted the Gaulish landscape. By the first century AD, the Gallic elite was so Romanized that some were admitted into the Senate by Emperor Claudius.<ref> Tacitus. Annals. 6. 45</ref>. Many historians believe that Celtic Gaul was doomed anyway and that the German tribes would have conquered it. Around the time of the Roman invasion, many German tribes were raiding and even settling in Gaul. One of Caesar's justifications for his war was that he sought to protect Roman interests in Gaul from the Germans.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the druids disappeared, the Celtic religion and culture rapidly decline. Trade between Gaul and Rome increased, and the Romans imposed their laws on Gauls. The increased trade transformed the province, and it quickly Romanized. The old Gallic elite soon began to imitate the Romans, and many learned Latin. Soon Roman-style villas dotted the Gaulish landscape. By the first century AD, the Gallic elite was so Romanized that some were admitted into the Senate by Emperor Claudius.<ref> Tacitus. Annals. 6. 45</ref>. Many historians believe that Celtic Gaul was doomed anyway and that the German tribes would have conquered it. Around the time of the Roman invasion, many German tribes were raiding and even settling in Gaul. One of Caesar's justifications for his war was that he sought to protect Roman interests in Gaul from the Germans.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Consequences of </del>the Conquest of Gaul<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did </ins>the Conquest of Gaul <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">change Rome?</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By conquering Gaul, Caesar greatly expanded the influence of Rome in Western Europe. Before this conquest, the Roman Republic had been centered on the Mediterranean. Caesar transformed Rome into a European power. Suddenly Rome’s influence was no longer centered on the Mediterranean, which had important consequences for its future expansion.  Even before the Gallic campaign was over, Rome turned its attention to other western and central European areas. Caesar raided Britain in 55 BC and crossed the Rhine, and fought a war with the powerful Suebi tribe a year later.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By conquering Gaul, Caesar greatly expanded the influence of Rome in Western Europe. Before this conquest, the Roman Republic had been centered on the Mediterranean. Caesar transformed Rome into a European power. Suddenly Rome’s influence was no longer centered on the Mediterranean, which had important consequences for its future expansion.  Even before the Gallic campaign was over, Rome turned its attention to other western and central European areas. Caesar raided Britain in 55 BC and crossed the Rhine, and fought a war with the powerful Suebi tribe a year later.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Roman Emperors followed the example of Caesar and tried to expand their Empire in Europe.  Emperor Augustus invaded Germania and conquered most of the area, right up to the River Elbe. However, this resulted in a great rebellion and the loss of three legions in the Teutoburg Forest. This defeat led to Augustus setting the border with Germania at the Rhine.  He did manage to retain the Rhineland for the Roman Empire. Claudius had better luck.  He successfully conquered most of Britain apart from Scotland in the First Century AD.  The future expansion of the Roman Empire would not have been possible without the conquest of Gaul. Caesar inspired future leaders to try and conquer more land in western Europe. The great Roman historian Tacitus related how Claudius, over 100 years later, felt duty-bound to invade further into Britain and complete Caesar's work.<ref> Tacitus. 8. 45</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Roman Emperors followed the example of Caesar and tried to expand their Empire in Europe.  Emperor Augustus invaded Germania and conquered most of the area, right up to the River Elbe. However, this resulted in a great rebellion and the loss of three legions in the Teutoburg Forest. This defeat led to Augustus setting the border with Germania at the Rhine.  He did manage to retain the Rhineland for the Roman Empire. Claudius had better luck.  He successfully conquered most of Britain apart from Scotland in the First Century AD.  The future expansion of the Roman Empire would not have been possible without the conquest of Gaul. Caesar inspired future leaders to try and conquer more land in western Europe. The great Roman historian Tacitus related how Claudius, over 100 years later, felt duty-bound to invade further into Britain and complete Caesar's work.<ref> Tacitus. 8. 45</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==Conclusion<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Conclusion==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The conquest of Gaul by Caesar was to have momentous consequences. It resulted in a large area of western Europe coming under the sway of the Romans. From Gaul, they could expand their empire into parts of Germany and Britain. The Roman province of Gaul was to remain part of the Roman Empire until 450 AD. The conquest of Roman changed Gaul's character and led to the decline of the local Celtic civilization and the rise of a Romano-Gallic culture. This culture played a critical role in the development of the kingdom of France during the Middle Ages. If Caesar had not conquered, the Germanic tribes might have completely overrun Gaul.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The conquest of Gaul by Caesar was to have momentous consequences. It resulted in a large area of western Europe coming under the sway of the Romans. From Gaul, they could expand their empire into parts of Germany and Britain. The Roman province of Gaul was to remain part of the Roman Empire until 450 AD. The conquest of Roman changed Gaul's character and led to the decline of the local Celtic civilization and the rise of a Romano-Gallic culture. This culture played a critical role in the development of the kingdom of France during the Middle Ages. If Caesar had not conquered, the Germanic tribes might have completely overrun Gaul.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=22656&oldid=prevAdmin at 00:40, 24 March 20212021-03-24T00:40:10Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, it allowed Caesar to overthrow the Roman Republic and establish the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ultimately, it allowed Caesar to overthrow the Roman Republic and establish the Imperial system under his grand-nephew Octavian (Augustus). The Romanization of the Gallic provinces led to the development of Gallo-Roman culture and the end of Celtic Gaul. One of the long-term consequences of the Caesarean conquest of Gaul was that it probably saved Celtic Gaul from becoming overrun by German tribes. The conquest of Gaul confirmed that Rome was not just a Mediterranean power but a European one. After the conquest, Rome was free to take over other areas in western Europe, including Britain.   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Background==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Who was Julius Caesar?</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Caesar was an aristocrat and a prominent politician in Rome. He had entered an informal arrangement with Pompey and Crassus, which had brought a measure of stability in Rome after many years of conflict. Cesar had himself appointed as commander of Roman Legions in the south of Gaul. Gaul was an area that approximated modern France, Luxembourg, part of the Netherlands, and Belgium. Gaul covered much of Western Europe.  Much of the area was dominated by Celtic tribes who had developed a sophisticated political system and culture.<ref> Caesar, Gallic Wars. 1.1</ref>  Cesar and some legions were in the south of Gaul to protect the Greek city-state of Massalia (Marseilles) from attack by Celtic tribes. Cesar was only instructed to repel any attackers, but as he was in the area, the Helvetti, from modern Switzerland, migrated into the region around Massalia.<ref> Goldsworthy, Adrian. Julius Caesar (London, Orion, 2007), p. 119 </ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Julius Caesar was an aristocrat and a prominent politician in Rome. He had entered an informal arrangement with Pompey and Crassus, which had brought a measure of stability in Rome after many years of conflict. Cesar had himself appointed as commander of Roman Legions in the south of Gaul. Gaul was an area that approximated modern France, Luxembourg, part of the Netherlands, and Belgium. Gaul covered much of Western Europe.  Much of the area was dominated by Celtic tribes who had developed a sophisticated political system and culture.<ref> Caesar, Gallic Wars. 1.1</ref>  Cesar and some legions were in the south of Gaul to protect the Greek city-state of Massalia (Marseilles) from attack by Celtic tribes. Cesar was only instructed to repel any attackers, but as he was in the area, the Helvetti, from modern Switzerland, migrated into the region around Massalia.<ref> Goldsworthy, Adrian. Julius Caesar (London, Orion, 2007), p. 119 </ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=22369&oldid=prevAdmin at 16:56, 10 February 20212021-02-10T16:56:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC).jpg |thumbnail|left|200px|A bust of Julius Cesar]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC).jpg |thumbnail|left|200px|A bust of Julius Cesar]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=21573&oldid=prevAdmin at 01:27, 5 December 20202020-12-05T01:27:28Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=21573&oldid=21572">Show changes</a>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=21572&oldid=prevAdmin at 01:25, 5 December 20202020-12-05T01:25:06Z<p></p>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=18445&oldid=prevAdmin at 21:56, 13 September 20192019-09-13T21:56:27Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Caesar was besieging the Gauls at Alesia, Vercingetorix in a brilliant maneuver surrounded the Roman legions. Under any other general the Roman army would have been demolished, but Caesar successfully turned that tide and defeated the Gaul’s at Alessia.  The Battle of Alesia ended the Gallic rebellion.  Vercingetorix was later strangled as part of the Triumph of Caesar in Rome.<ref> Plutarch. Life of Caesar. 16</ref>  After his victories, Caesar typically left the local Gaul elites in power and imposed no new burdens on them. These favorable terms allowed Rome to kept Gaul (already exhausted by so many unsuccessful battles) in obedience.<ref><i>Cesar</i>, 8.49</ref> Caesar’s victory in Gaul was total, and there was no further any attempt by the Gauls to throw off Roman rule. The area became a crucial part of the Roman Empire until the fall of the Western Empire in the mid-5th century AD.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When Caesar was besieging the Gauls at Alesia, Vercingetorix in a brilliant maneuver surrounded the Roman legions. Under any other general the Roman army would have been demolished, but Caesar successfully turned that tide and defeated the Gaul’s at Alessia.  The Battle of Alesia ended the Gallic rebellion.  Vercingetorix was later strangled as part of the Triumph of Caesar in Rome.<ref> Plutarch. Life of Caesar. 16</ref>  After his victories, Caesar typically left the local Gaul elites in power and imposed no new burdens on them. These favorable terms allowed Rome to kept Gaul (already exhausted by so many unsuccessful battles) in obedience.<ref><i>Cesar</i>, 8.49</ref> Caesar’s victory in Gaul was total, and there was no further any attempt by the Gauls to throw off Roman rule. The area became a crucial part of the Roman Empire until the fall of the Western Empire in the mid-5th century AD.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Mediawiki:TabletAd1}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Impact of the Conquest on Roman Politics====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Impact of the Conquest on Roman Politics====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_Caesar%27s_conquest_of_Gaul_change_both_Rome_and_Gaul&diff=13421&oldid=prevEricLambrecht: insert middle ad2018-11-22T21:13:08Z<p>insert middle ad</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Senate rejected Caesar's proposal. Caesar, bold as ever, tried to force the issue and marched his legions on Rome.  Caesar claimed that there was a conspiracy against him ‘it was evident to everyone that war was designed against Caesar.’ <ref> Cesar, 8 55</ref> When he ordered his legionnaires to cross the River Rubicon, he defied the Senate and this made Civil War inevitable. The Gallic Wars made Cesar the most powerful man in Rome, and this resulted in a civil war.  Caesar used his legions of battle-hardened veterans to defeat Pompey and the Republican army at Pharsalus.<ref> Holland, p. 278</ref> This civil war led the ascent of Caesar as the sole power of Rome. Caesar’s Gallic Wars were an important stage in the final downfall of the Roman Republic.<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Augustus</i> 15</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Senate rejected Caesar's proposal. Caesar, bold as ever, tried to force the issue and marched his legions on Rome.  Caesar claimed that there was a conspiracy against him ‘it was evident to everyone that war was designed against Caesar.’ <ref> Cesar, 8 55</ref> When he ordered his legionnaires to cross the River Rubicon, he defied the Senate and this made Civil War inevitable. The Gallic Wars made Cesar the most powerful man in Rome, and this resulted in a civil war.  Caesar used his legions of battle-hardened veterans to defeat Pompey and the Republican army at Pharsalus.<ref> Holland, p. 278</ref> This civil war led the ascent of Caesar as the sole power of Rome. Caesar’s Gallic Wars were an important stage in the final downfall of the Roman Republic.<ref> Plutarch. <i>Life of Augustus</i> 15</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Impact of the Conquest on the Gauls====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Impact of the Conquest on the Gauls====</div></td></tr>
</table>EricLambrecht