Changes

During the English Civil War, from 1642-1651, Parliament became not only powerful but overthrew the monarch with the establishment of the post-Lord Protector under Oliver Cromwell. Although the post of "Lord Protector" did not last after Cromwell, with the king (Charles II) invited back to govern, English and subsequently British and global history changed. Now, Parliament with much greater authority and having the ability to control the fate of the king, began to formalize a new position that enabled someone besides the king to lead the government. Increasingly, political parties gained power, which was the Whigs and Tories in the late 17th century. These parties were increasingly able to guide and direct government policy.

====The impact of the Glorious Revolution on English Government====

In 1688, the Glorious Revolution overthrew the king once more (James II), which gave Parliament even more power. This was followed up with the Bill of Rights in 1689 Act. This formalized the House of Commons as being part of the government and allowed it to now formally control taxes and establish new laws. This drastically reduced the power of the king and began to make it more clear that the government had to be also led by leaders other than the king or queen.

====Summary====

The role of Prime Minister is historical because it represents the earliest form of modern government headed by an individual who was not a monarch. Defining this role has not always been clear, with the position of Prime Minister not even formally declared for several centuries. Increasingly, however, prime ministers were needed as kings lost power in Europe and elsewhere. With the increasing influence of Britain in the 19th century, the post-Prime Minister became a position commonly seen in governments around the world. However, what it means to be Prime Minister continues to evolve today, with some countries opting to combine presidential and parliamentary systems, as each has different advantages in selecting leaders.

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