https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&feed=atom&action=historyHow did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India - Revision history2024-03-29T13:31:49ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=23399&oldid=prevAdmin: Admin moved page How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India? to How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India2021-09-20T03:18:52Z<p>Admin moved page <a href="/How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India?">How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India?</a> to <a href="/How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India" title="How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India">How did the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny) change India</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=22473&oldid=prevAdmin at 05:02, 22 February 20212021-02-22T05:02:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A painting of fighting during the Mutiny]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A painting of fighting during the Mutiny]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=21384&oldid=prevAdmin at 07:53, 21 November 20202020-11-21T07:53:02Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=21384&oldid=19950">Show changes</a>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19950&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:55, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:55:19Z<p></p>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19948&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:52, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:52:33Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Indian Mutiny was perhaps the greatest challenge to British rule during the Raj, and it shook their confidence in their ability to control the sub-continent. In the aftermath of the conflict that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">could have </del>cost tens of thousands of lives, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">there were great changes to </del>the way <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that the British </del>administered India. The East India Company was dissolved, and direct rule was initiated<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and this was by </del>Queen Victoria’s <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adoption of </del>the title Empress of India. The British overhauled the government of India and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">willing </del>more willing to collaborate with local elites. They also were very careful to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appear not to be </del>imposing western norms and values on Indians. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This policy </del>did <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reconcile many </del>Indians to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the foreigner</del>. The Mutiny or the First War of Indian <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Independent as it is known in India </del>became a symbol that inspired many to seek national determination.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Indian Mutiny was perhaps the greatest challenge to British rule during the Raj, and it shook their confidence in their ability to control the sub-continent. In the aftermath of the conflict that cost tens of thousands of lives, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Britain changed </ins>the way <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">it </ins>administered India. The East India Company was dissolved, and direct rule was initiated<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </ins>Queen Victoria’s <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">even adopted </ins>the title Empress of India.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The British overhauled the government of India and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">became </ins>more willing to collaborate with local elites. They also were very careful to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">avoid </ins>imposing western norms and values on Indians. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While these policies may have been improvement, they </ins>did <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">not permanently quell </ins>Indians<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">' desire </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">retake India from Britain</ins>. The Mutiny or the First War of Indian <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Independence </ins>became a symbol that inspired many to seek national determination.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Further Reading====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Further Reading====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19947&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:49, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:49:23Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to the rebellion of 1857, the British had attempted to impose western beliefs, customs, and values. Many Governor- Generals had imposed western laws on Indians without regarding traditional customs and values <ref>Bandyopadhyay, p. 321</ref>. There were laws that granted Indian women rights that were similar to those enjoyed by Western women, which were greatly resented by many conservatives. Moreover, many traditions were outlawed such as that which forbade a Hindi widow to remarry. In particular, the introduction of western education was resented. The British after the Mutiny were very wary of enacting policies that could have been considered to be western. Prior to the rebellion the East Indian Company and British officials supported the activities of Western Christian Missionaries, which was very controversial. In the aftermath of the Mutiny the British were reluctant to do anything to offend the religious feelings of the Indians <ref>Washbrook, D. A., "India, 1818–1860: The Two Faces of Colonialism", in Porter, Andrew (ed.), Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press (2002), pp. 395–421 </ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Prior to the rebellion of 1857, the British had attempted to impose western beliefs, customs, and values. Many Governor- Generals had imposed western laws on Indians without regarding traditional customs and values <ref>Bandyopadhyay, p. 321</ref>. There were laws that granted Indian women rights that were similar to those enjoyed by Western women, which were greatly resented by many conservatives. Moreover, many traditions were outlawed such as that which forbade a Hindi widow to remarry. In particular, the introduction of western education was resented. The British after the Mutiny were very wary of enacting policies that could have been considered to be western. Prior to the rebellion the East Indian Company and British officials supported the activities of Western Christian Missionaries, which was very controversial. In the aftermath of the Mutiny the British were reluctant to do anything to offend the religious feelings of the Indians <ref>Washbrook, D. A., "India, 1818–1860: The Two Faces of Colonialism", in Porter, Andrew (ed.), Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press (2002), pp. 395–421 </ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The road to </del>independence====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did the Sepoy Rebellion lead a sustained push for Indian </ins>independence<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">?</ins>====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>Indians never staged a revolt on the scale of the Mutiny <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">again, possibly because of the </del>British <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">army’s </del>brutal repression <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and the immense loss </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">life between 1857 and 1859</del>. In the wake of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rebellion</del>, London was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clearly deeply worried </del>about its position in India after the defeat of the Sepoy Rebellion. The British were a tiny minority in the sub-continent and the revolt demonstrated to them how weak was their control over the country. Queen Victoria on the advice of her government-issued the proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs, and People of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India’ </del>(1858). This stated that Indians were to have the same rights and parity of esteem with the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Empire’s </del>other subjects. In effect, Indians were offered equality with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Britain’s </del>other subjects. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This helped to win </del>over many Indians and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">they quietly collaborated with the British</del>. However, the Europeans did not treat the Indians as their equal and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">natives </del>were still treated as inferior and subject people. The failure of the British to honor the terms of the proclamation <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">anger many Indians’ and this was to play an important </del>role in the growing calls for independence <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that were becoming louder by </del>the 1890s. The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mutiny </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">very important in the history </del>of the Indian independence movement. Nationalists were later inspired by it and saw it as a precursor of their <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">own </del>struggle. Many in particular were inspired by the fact that Muslims and Hindus fought the colonists and had a common aim.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Indians never staged a revolt on the scale of the Mutiny<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The </ins>British <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">army's </ins>brutal repression <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prevented another revolution </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this size</ins>. In the wake of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rebellion</ins>, London was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">anxious </ins>about its position in India after the defeat of the Sepoy Rebellion. The British were a tiny minority in the sub-continent<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the revolt demonstrated to them how weak was their control over the country.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Queen Victoria<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>on the advice of her government-issued the proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs, and People of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">India' </ins>(1858). This <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">edict </ins>stated that Indians were to have the same rights and parity of esteem with the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Empire's </ins>other subjects. In effect, Indians were offered equality with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Britain's </ins>other subjects. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Initially, this effort won </ins>over many Indians and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">briefly quieted India's push for independence</ins>.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, the Europeans did not treat the Indians as their equal and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Indians </ins>were still treated as inferior and subject people. The failure of the British to honor the terms of the proclamation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">angered Indians. Over time, Britain's continuous efforts </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">marginalize Indians played a critical </ins>role in the growing calls for independence <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">starting in </ins>the 1890s. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rebellion </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a crucial part </ins>of the Indian independence movement. Nationalists were later inspired by it and saw it as a precursor of their struggle. Many<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>in particular<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>were inspired by the fact that Muslims and Hindus fought the colonists and had a common aim.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Indian Mutiny was perhaps the greatest challenge to British rule during the Raj, and it shook their confidence in their ability to control the sub-continent. In the aftermath of the conflict that could have cost tens of thousands of lives, there were great changes to the way that the British administered India. The East India Company was dissolved, and direct rule was initiated, and this was by Queen Victoria’s adoption of the title Empress of India. The British overhauled the government of India and willing more willing to collaborate with local elites. They also were very careful to appear not to be imposing western norms and values on Indians. This policy did reconcile many Indians to the foreigner. The Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independent as it is known in India became a symbol that inspired many to seek national determination.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Indian Mutiny was perhaps the greatest challenge to British rule during the Raj, and it shook their confidence in their ability to control the sub-continent. In the aftermath of the conflict that could have cost tens of thousands of lives, there were great changes to the way that the British administered India. The East India Company was dissolved, and direct rule was initiated, and this was by Queen Victoria’s adoption of the title Empress of India. The British overhauled the government of India and willing more willing to collaborate with local elites. They also were very careful to appear not to be imposing western norms and values on Indians. This policy did reconcile many Indians to the foreigner. The Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independent as it is known in India became a symbol that inspired many to seek national determination.</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19946&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:40, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:40:09Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:40, 5 March 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l38" >Line 38:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 38:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1877, Queen Victoria, on the advice of her imperialist Prime Minister Disraeli took the title of Empress of India. This title was an exert control of India by the British government and symbolize British authority. Successive British monarchs held the title of Emperor of India until 1948.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1877, Queen Victoria, on the advice of her imperialist Prime Minister Disraeli took the title of Empress of India. This title was an exert control of India by the British government and symbolize British authority. Successive British monarchs held the title of Emperor of India until 1948.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Reorganisation of </del>Indian government====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">How did Britain Reorganize the </ins>Indian government <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">after the Sepoy Rebellion?</ins>====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 5.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A drawing of a scene from the siege of Lucknow]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 5.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A drawing of a scene from the siege of Lucknow]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prior to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mutiny</del>, the government of Indian was technically in the hands of the East India Company and they were responsible for many aspects of the state. The Sepoy rebellion showed that the Company was no longer able to cope with the demands of ruling such a vast and diverse area. Under the government of India Act (1858) the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">company </del>was stripped of its remaining power, its army disbanded, and its assets liquidated. London was to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">directly </del>govern India and the office of the Viceroy of India was established. The law also set up the Indian civil service and reorganized the old East India Company military forces, which was incorporated into the regular British Indian army. After the defeat of the rebels, the British recruited more men from minorities such as the Gurkhas and the Sikhs, as they believed that they would be more dependable and loyal than Muslims and  Hindus. Perhaps the most significant aspect of the reforms in the aftermath of the Mutiny or rebellion was that the British were more willing to cooperate with the traditional native elites. Increasingly they were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">willing </del>to allow the Hindu and Muslims princes to stay in power as long as they were loyal to the colonists <ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>After the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mutiny </del>the Princely states were integrated into the system of government and they retained a great deal of autonomy. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">No longer was their land threatened and </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">right </del>of their heirs <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to succeed them was implicitly recognized</del>. The British opened up <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a number of Universities </del>to educate high-caste Indians, who later <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">became </del>civil servants. However, there were limits to this policy and the civil service <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">continues </del>to be dominated by white Europeans. There was also a deliberate policy of refraining from free-market reforms and of respecting the traditional economic elite. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This was done to win the support of members </del>of the elite, but <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">it may have </del>resulted in slow economic growth and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">increasing </del>poverty<ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Before </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mutiny</ins>, the government of Indian was technically in the hands of the East India Company<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and they were responsible for many aspects of the state. The Sepoy rebellion showed that the Company was no longer able to cope with the demands of ruling such a vast and diverse area.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the government of India Act (1858)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Company </ins>was stripped of its remaining power, its army disbanded, and its assets liquidated. London was to govern India <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">directly, </ins>and the office of the Viceroy of India was established. The law also set up the Indian civil service and reorganized the old East India Company military forces, which was incorporated into the regular British Indian army. After the defeat of the rebels, the British recruited more men from minorities such as the Gurkhas and the Sikhs, as they believed that they would be more dependable and loyal than Muslims and  Hindus.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Perhaps the most significant aspect of the reforms in the aftermath of the Mutiny or rebellion was that the British were more willing to cooperate with the traditional native elites. Increasingly they were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ready </ins>to allow the Hindu and Muslims princes to stay in power as long as they were loyal to the colonists<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref> After the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">uprising, </ins>the Princely states were integrated into the system of government<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and they retained a great deal of autonomy. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Britain ended the seizure of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lands </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the Princes and acknowledged that </ins>their heirs <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">could inherit their kingdoms</ins>.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The British <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also </ins>opened up <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">several universities </ins>to educate high-caste Indians, who <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">would </ins>later <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">become </ins>civil servants. However, there were limits to this policy<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the civil service <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">continued </ins>to be dominated by white Europeans. There was also a deliberate policy of refraining from free-market reforms and of respecting the traditional economic elite. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Members </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Indian </ins>elite <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">supported these measures</ins>, but <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">they </ins>resulted in slow economic growth and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">increased </ins>poverty<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====End of attempts at Westernisation====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====End of attempts at Westernisation====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19945&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:33, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:33:16Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:33, 5 March 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7" >Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Why were Indians frustrated with the East India Company and British rule before the Indian Mutiny?====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Why were Indians frustrated with the East India Company and British rule before the Indian Mutiny?====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 3.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The last Mughal]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Mutiny 3.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The last Mughal]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>India was not formerly a colony of Britain in 1857, but in fact, it was dominated by the British. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>The East India Company received a Royal Charter from Elizabeth I in 1600. Initially, the company sought to increase trade with the Indian subcontinent. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>Over time it morphed from a trading company into the ruler of India.   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>India was not formerly a colony of Britain in 1857, but in fact, it was dominated by the British. The East India Company received a Royal Charter from Elizabeth I in 1600. Initially, the company sought to increase trade with the Indian subcontinent. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Why was Britain able to establish an Empire in India?|</ins>Over time it morphed from a trading company into the ruler of India.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This transformation included the creation of a large army that was supported by the British government. The East Company managed India, and it was essentially the sovereign power in the territories. <ref> Bandyopadhyay, Sekhara (2004), From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, New Delhi: Orient Longman, p. 523</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This transformation included the creation of a large army that was supported by the British government. The East Company managed India, and it was essentially the sovereign power in the territories. <ref> Bandyopadhyay, Sekhara (2004), From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, New Delhi: Orient Longman, p. 523</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19944&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:32, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:32:12Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:32, 5 March 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l33" >Line 33:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even after the British had recaptured the cities, the Sepoys continued to attack the British. The Britsh government engaged in a bloody campaign to eradicate the last vestiges of the rebellion. This campaign resulted in widespread famine across India. Some commentators believe that hundreds of thousands of Indians died as a direct or indirect result of the uprising. The fighting continued throughout 1858. Britain finally ended the revolution in 1859.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even after the British had recaptured the cities, the Sepoys continued to attack the British. The Britsh government engaged in a bloody campaign to eradicate the last vestiges of the rebellion. This campaign resulted in widespread famine across India. Some commentators believe that hundreds of thousands of Indians died as a direct or indirect result of the uprising. The fighting continued throughout 1858. Britain finally ended the revolution in 1859.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Empress of India====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Why was Queen Victoria named the </ins>Empress of India<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">?</ins>====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bahadur Shah Zafar was the Mughal Emperor ruled <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </del>Delhi <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </del>had no real power outside the city. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He had become </del>the titular leader of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rebellion</del>. Because of his support of the rebels, he was imprisoned and tried in a military court <ref>Dalrymple, William, The Last Mughal. London: Viking Penguin, p. 123</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>He was charged with helping the rebels to kill <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a number of </del>Europeans and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for this, he was </del>exiled to Burma <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">where he died</del>. His trial and banishment to Burma was the effective end of the Mughal dynasty who once ruled nearly all of the sub-continent<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>since the 17h century. In 1877 Queen Victoria on the advice of her imperialist Prime Minister Disraeli<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>took the title of Empress of India. This was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </del>symbolize British authority <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and power in India and its growing involvement in the sub-continent</del>. Successive <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>British monarchs<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>held the title of Emperor of India until 1948<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, after Victoria’s death</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bahadur Shah Zafar was the Mughal Emperor <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">who </ins>ruled Delhi <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but </ins>had no real power outside the city. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">During the revolt, he became </ins>the titular leader of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">uprising</ins>. Because of his support of the rebels, he was imprisoned and tried in a military court<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </ins><ref>Dalrymple, William, The Last Mughal. London: Viking Penguin, p. 123</ref> He was charged with helping the rebels to kill <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">numerous </ins>Europeans<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. He was convicted </ins>and exiled to Burma. His trial and banishment to Burma was the effective end of the Mughal dynasty<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>who once ruled nearly all of the sub-continent since the 17h century.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1877<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Queen Victoria<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>on the advice of her imperialist Prime Minister Disraeli took the title of Empress of India. This <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">title </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an exert control of India by the British government and </ins>symbolize British authority. Successive British monarchs held the title of Emperor of India until 1948.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Reorganisation of Indian government====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Reorganisation of Indian government====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_did_the_Sepoy_Rebellion_(Indian_Mutiny)_change_India&diff=19943&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:27, 5 March 20202020-03-05T17:27:05Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:27, 5 March 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The Indian Mutiny 1857-1858: the Rebellion====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The Indian Mutiny 1857-1858: the Rebellion====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Two Seapoy Officers; A Private Seapoy.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Indian Sepoy soldiers]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Two Seapoy Officers; A Private Seapoy.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Indian Sepoy soldiers]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rebellion broke out </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the army of the </del>East India Company. The British were reliant on native soldiers or Sepoys to maintain their grip over the country. However, many Indian soldiers in the army, both Hindu and Muslim were very dissatisfied and resented the Europeans. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The revolt began when a new rifle was introduced and soon there was a rumor, among the Sepoys that the cartridges were smeared with pigs and cows’ fat. The cartridges had to be bitten before they could be loaded, and this was anathema to many Hindus and Muslims. Biting the cartridges meant that they were eating beef or pork which was unacceptable in their religion. There is no evidence that beef and pork lard was ever used to grease the cartridges and it seems that it was only a wild rumor. It may even have been deliberately spread to stir unrest in the ranks of the Sepoys, who would have been outraged at the idea and would have seen it as an attack on their religion.  Some argue that the revolt broke out because it was only in the military that Indians were organized <ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref>. It appears that the British suffered a complete intelligence failure and were unaware of the discontent among the native troops. In March 1857 a Sepoy attacked some British officers and he was later shot by a firing squad. Some weeks later some Indian troopers refused to use the cartridges and they were imprisoned. This led to some of their comrades killing their officers and marched on Delhi and restored the old Mughal Emperor to power <ref>Hibbert, p. 87</ref>. As a result of this bold action, there was a series of mutinies throughout northern and central India. The revolt typically involved the Sepoys killing any European soldiers and often civilians. There were many instances when Indian rebels besieged British soldiers and civilians across the north of India, most famously Lucknow. No one is agreed as to the aims of the mutineers’ but it is apparent that many wanted to expel the British from India. The Sepoys initially made great advances and easily defeated the loyal troops of the East India Company and they seized many cities and towns. However, many of the Indian Princes stayed loyal to the British and some ethnic groups such as the Sikhs cooperated with the British. London rushed regular forces to India and these, together with loyal Sepoys, began the counterattack. Their first objective was to recapture Delhi which was bombarded heavily before it fell <ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref>. Then the British, under Sir Colin Campell retook Agra and later relieved the siege of Lucknow, after some bitter fighting. The British committed many atrocities and killed rebels and their supporters in cold blood. Once the cities held by the mutineers were captured the rebels continued to attack the British. There was a bloody campaign to eradicate the last vestiges of the rebellion and this resulted in many districts experiencing famine. Some commentators believe that hundreds of thousands of Indians died as a direct or indirect result of the rebellion. The fighting continued throughout 1858 and it was only in 1859, that the last of the rebels were suppressed.  </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sepoy Rebellion started </ins>in East India Company<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'s army</ins>. The British were reliant on native soldiers or Sepoys to maintain their grip over the country. However, many Indian soldiers in the army, both Hindu and Muslim<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>were very dissatisfied and resented the Europeans.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The revolt began when a new rifle was introduced, and soon there was a rumor among the Sepoys that the cartridges were smeared with pigs and cows' fat. The cartridges had to be bitten before they could be loaded, and this was anathema to many Hindus and Muslims. Biting the cartridges meant that they were eating beef or pork, which was unacceptable in their religion. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is no evidence that beef and pork lard was ever used to grease the cartridges, and it seems that it was only a wild rumor. The rumor may have been designed explicitly to outrage ranks Sepoys. The Sepoys (both Hindu and Muslim) would have seen it as an insult to their religions. Some argue that the revolt broke out because it was only in the military that Indians were organized.<ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref> The British were utterly unaware of the discontent among their native troops. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In March 1857, a Sepoy attacked several British officers. The soldier was captured and later executed by a firing squad. Several weeks later, some Indian troopers refused to use the cartridges, and the British imprisoned them. This led to some of their comrades killing their officers and marched on Delhi and restored the old Mughal Emperor to power.<ref>Hibbert, p. 87</ref> As a result of this bold action, there was a series of mutinies throughout northern and central India. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The revolt typically involved the Sepoys killing European soldiers and often civilians. There were many instances when Indian rebels besieged British soldiers and civilians across the north of India, most famously Lucknow. The revolt was decentralized, and the only goal that Sepoys was to expel the British from India. The Sepoys initially made significant advances and easily defeated the loyal troops of the East India Company, and they seized many cities and towns. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, many of the Indian Princes stayed loyal to the British. Some Indian ethnic groups such as the Sikhs cooperated with the British. London rushed regular forces to India, and these, together with loyal Sepoys, began the counterattack. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Their first objective was to recapture Delhi.<ref>Hibbert, 1980</ref> Under Sir Colin Campell, the British retook Agra and later relieved the siege of Lucknow, after some bitter fighting. The British committed many atrocities and killed rebels and their supporters in cold blood. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even after the British had recaptured the cities, the Sepoys continued to attack the British. The Britsh government engaged in a bloody campaign to eradicate the last vestiges of the rebellion. This campaign resulted in widespread famine across India. Some commentators believe that hundreds of thousands of Indians died as a direct or indirect result of the uprising. The fighting continued throughout 1858. Britain finally ended the revolution in 1859.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Empress of India====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Empress of India====</div></td></tr>
</table>Admin