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The colonies of East Florida and West Florida remained loyal to the British during the war for American independence, but by the Treaty of Paris in 1783 they returned to Spanish control. After 1783, Americans immigrants moved into West Florida.
In 1810__NOTOC__[[File:1822_Geographical, these American settlers _Statistical,_and_Historical_Map_of_Florida_by_Henry_Charles_Carey,_Isaac_Lea_and_Fielding_Lucas.png|thumbnail|left|250px|Florida in 1822 - 1 year after it was ceded to the US by Spain]]The colonies of East Florida and West Florida rebelledremained loyal to the British during American independence. Still, by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, declaring independence from they returned to Spanish control. Spain's control over Florida was precarious. President James Madison and Congress used the incident Over time, after Americans began to claim move into the regionterritory, knowing full well it became clear that Spain would not maintain authority over the Spanish government region. Ultimately, Florida was seriously weakened by Napoleon’s invasion of Spain. The handed over to the United States asserted that under the portion of West Florida from the Mississippi to the Perdido rivers was part terms of the Louisiana Purchase Onís-Adams Treaty of 18031819.
== Why did Americans move into Florida during the American Revolution? ==After 1783, American immigrants moved into West Florida. In 1810, these American settlers in West Florida rebelled, declaring independence from Spain. President James Madison and Congress used the incident to claim the region, knowing that Napoleon’s invasion of Spain seriously weakened the Spanish government. The United States asserted that the portion of West Florida from the Mississippi to the Perdido rivers was part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Negotiations over Florida began in earnest with the mission of Don Luis de Onís to Washington in 1815 to meet Secretary of State James Monroe. The issue was not resolved until Monroe was president and John Quincy Adams his Secretary of State. Although U.S. Spanish relations were strained over suspicions of American support for the independence struggles of Spanish-American colonies, the situation became critical when General Andrew Jackson seized the Spanish forts at Pensacola and St. Marks in his 1818 authorized raid against Seminoles and escaped slaves who were viewed as a threat to Georgia. Jackson executed two British citizens on charges of inciting the Indians and runaways.
Monroe’s government seriously considered denouncing Jackson’s actions, but == Why John Qunicy Adams defended the expand into Florida? ==[[File:Andrew_Jackson_by_Ralph_E._W._Earl_1837.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|Andrew Jackson citing ]]While the necessity to restrain United States had already annexed West Florida, no one recognized the Indians American claim. Still, Spain was incredibly weak and escaped slaves since had little control over its territory. Spain's weakness gave the Spanish failed United States a unique opportunity to do soseize Florida. Adams also sensed that Jackson’s In addition to Spain's troubles, the Secretary of War, Henry Calhoun, had dispatched Andrew Jackson to quell Seminole campaign was popular with Americans raids into Western Florida and it strengthened his diplomatic hand with SpainGeorgia. This military action quickly became the First Seminole War. As part of this action, Jackson moved into Spanish territory without consent.<ref>Alan Brinkley, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0077776755/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0077776755&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=588edbe5327b76ccc9ede6e741ba22cc American History], 11th edition (McGraw Hill, 2003), p. 226.</ref>
Adams used U.S.-Spanish relations were extremely strained because it justifiably believed that the Jackson’s military action American support for Spanish-American colonies' independence struggles was an overt attempt to present Spain with a demand to either control the inhabitants of East seize Florida or cede it to the United States. Minister Onís and Secretary Adams reached an agreement whereby Spain ceded East The situation became even more critical when General Andrew Jackson was thrust into Florida to resulted in the United States Spanish forts' seizure at Pensacola and renounced all claim to West FloridaSt. Marks in 1818. Spain received no compensation Additionally, but the United States agreed he drove further into Florida when he sought to assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens kill Seminoles and escaped slaves, who rebelled against Spainhe viewed as a threat to Georgia. Under the Onís-Adams Treaty Jackson even executed two British citizens on charges of 1819 (also called the Transcontinental Treaty and ratified in 1821) inciting the United States Indians and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In return, the United States recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texasrunaways.
== Why did Spain give Florida to the United States? ==
Monroe’s government seriously considered denouncing Jackson’s actions, but Adams defended Jackson, citing the necessity to restrain the Indians and escaped slaves since the Spanish failed to do so. Adams also sensed that Jackson’s Seminole campaign was popular with Americans, strengthening his diplomatic hand with Spain. Adams used Jackson’s military action to present Spain with a demand to either control the inhabitants of East Florida or cede it to the United States. Minister Onís, due to France's takeover by Napoleon, left Spain with few reasonable options. Florida was not able or particularly interested in maintaining its presence in Florida.
== What was the Onís-Adams Treaty of 1819? ==
Minister Onís and Secretary Adams reached an agreement whereby Spain ceded East Florida to the United States and renounced all claims to West Florida. Spain received no compensation, but the United States agreed to assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens who rebelled against Spain. Under the Onís-Adams Treaty of 1819 (also called the Transcontinental Treaty and ratified in 1821), the United States and Spain defined the Louisiana Purchase's western limits, and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In return, the United States recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas. While Spain's rights to Texas were recognized, that situation changed extraordinarily fast when Mexico received its sovereignty on September 27, 1821.
* Republished from [https://history.state.gov/| Office of the Historian, United States Department of State]
* Article: [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/florida| Acquisition of Florida: Treaty of Adams-Onis (1819) and Transcontinental Treaty (1821)]
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