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While there appears What became known as "real tennis" emerged in the early 13th century in France. Louis X was known to be some evidence that a ball found enthusiast of the handball game akin to of tennis existed in the ancient world, specifically ancient Egypt, scholars are not in agreement that this game . England also became influenced by the modern gameof tennis. Most of A glove was now sometimes used by this evidence emerges from words similar to the word tennis and racketperiod. The Romans did play a type key transformation was the adoption of hand ball the game that may have been played by royal households. Tennis courts were now built on palace grounds rather than in Europe and this game could have remained church courtyards. Henry V was the first king in memory by England known to adopt the Medieval period, influencing sport. By the sports development. However16th century, few drawings or descriptions indicate what these early games looked like, making it hard to know if there a racquet was a clear ancient origin for now used and the sportoldest surviving tennis court derives from this period, found in Falkland Palace (Figure 1).

The clearest evidence for During the origins 16th century, the game of tennis date to now became even more popular with the Medieval period royal court in France at around the 12th centuryEngland. During this time, Henry VIII was known to have built a type of tennis court was used where a rope was strung across. The ball would be hit back and forth by hand. The ball was also hit off the surrounding walls in Hampton Court Palace and played the game likely had various rules. A story emerged during this time that the devil introduced the sport to In fact, one of the order earliest known games of monks, suggesting perhaps that officials in the church considered doubles originated at this game as a distraction from the monks' main dutiestime. Another Medieval book also questions why archbishops Henry VIII and bishops had taken up the sport. This book, called <i>Summa de ecclesiasticis officiis</i>, indicates the game that resembled a type Charles V of handball had become popular France played in a number of important churches, advising match against the adoption Prince of this game by the clergy. The term tennis appears to originate from a French word meaning "take heed," suggesting the origin Orange and Marquis of the game is from FranceBrandenburg.

What became known as "real tennis" emerged by the early 13th century in France. Louis X was known to be a found enthusiast of the handball game of tennis. England also became influenced by the game of tennis. A glove was now sometimes used by this period. The key transformation was the adoption of the game by royal households. Tennis courts were now built on palace grounds rather than in church courtyards. Henry V was the first king in England known to adopt the sport. By the 16th century, a racquet was now used and the oldest surviving tennis court derives from this period, found in Falkland Palace. During the 16th century, the game of tennis now became even more popular with the royal court in England. Henry VIII was known to have built a tennis court in Hampton Court Palace and played the game. In fact, one of the earliest known games of doubles originated at this time. Henry VIII and Charles V of France played in a match against the Prince of Orange and Marquis of Brandenburg. The French had developed the game in the 16th century so that a volley, rather than stopping the ball, would be how points would be scored. The rule was the ball can bounce once but not twice; this new rule quickly spread throughout Europe, making it a firm part of solidifying this rule for the game's rulesfuture. During this time, lines were also added to demarcate boundaries where the ball can land. As tennis gained popularity with the royalty, they encouraged their courts to also play the game, helping to spread its popularity beyond royal families and into the nobility.<ref>For a history of royal courts playing tennis in the late Medieval period and early Renaissance, see: Guttmann, A. (2004). Sports: the first five millennia. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, pg. 63.</ref>

[[File:Students playing Tennis at Strasbourg, 17th century.jpg|thumbnail|250px|left|Students playing tennis in Strasbourg in the 17th century.]]By the 17th century, tennis courts began to appear more regularly in cities(Figure 2). London at this time had at least 14 courts. The game by now had spread through most of Europe. However, rising Puritanism in the mid to late 17th century began to diminish the game's appeal in England. In France, during the French Revolution, some began to see tennis as a sport for royalty and should not be played. By Although tennis may have somewhat declined during the 18th century, depictions of nets are we do now evident, indicating learn more about it had become a standard part of the game. The basic rules of tennis around today were, therefore, largely present by the 18th century.

The next major phase of development occurred in the 19th century, where tennis was now able to spread to the masses. During this time, both clay courts and lawn tennis emerged as features depictions of nets are now more evident, indicating it had become a standard part of the game. In Victorian BritainThe basic appearance of tennis, tennis was now seen as a virtuous sport. The British Empire now began to also spread with the sport to its Asian use of racquets and other colonies as it was deemed to be a civilized game. At homenets, had now solidified, although many variations existed in how the game was seen to be an activity for ladies played.<ref>For details on the 17th and gentlemen18th centuries and tennis, see: Baker, W. J. (1988). Rules were still not standardized by <i>Sports in the mid-19th centuryWestern world</i> (Rev. Games sometimes featured two against one player, while court dimensions varieded. One important development was Charles Goodyear, who developed a material for tennis balls that gave them more bounceIllini books ed). This helped to make lawn tennis and other surfaces more amenable to the gameUrbana: University of Illinois Press. </ref>

The next major phase of development occurred in the 19th century when tennis was now able to spread to the masses. During this time, both clay courts and lawn tennis emerged as features of the game. In Victorian Britain, tennis was now seen as a virtuous sport, encouraging its spread in the upper classes. The British Empire now began to also spread the sport to its Asian and other colonies as it was deemed to be a civilized game. At home, the game was seen to be an activity for ladies and gentlemen. Rules were still not standardized by the mid-19th century.  Games sometimes featured two against one player or three players on one side, while court dimensions varied, including hourglass-shaped courts. One important development was by Charles Goodyear, who developed material for tennis balls that gave them a much greater bounce. This helped to make lawn tennis and other surfaces more amenable to the game.<ref>For the history of tennis during the Victorian period, see: Wilson, E. (2014). <i>Love Game: A History of Tennis, from Victorian Pastime to Global Phenomenon</i>. London: Serpent’s Tail.</ref> <dh-ad/> The popularity of the sport led to the creation of clubs and the most significant club to adopt the game was the All England Club in Wimbledon, London. In the 1870s, croquet had become a popular sport in the United Kingdom and the development of lawn tennis made the game suitable in croquet fields. The All England club originally set aside one field for tennis but soon it was tennis that became the more popular sport among the two sports the club supported. By the 1880s, croquet was dropped and the height of the tennis net was standardizednow for games in Wimbledon's rule book. The first tournament at Wimbledon, which became the origin of the Wimbledon championships of today, was developed by 1877. The popularity of tennis and the development of tournament play helped now to standardize rules that have remained with many of the modern rulesus, including how scoring is kept, developing at this time.  The shape of the court also became standardized to its rectangular shape. The rules now largely became the same as the modern game, with the exception of tie breaks not introduced until 1971. The dress, however, was generally more formal, as men wore ties and ladies ' long dresses with heels. Women were not allowed to play in the Wimbledon tournament until 1884.<ref>For the 1884history of late 19th-century development of tennis, rules, and tournaments, see: Bodleian Library. (2010). The original rules of tennis. Oxford: Bodleian Library.</ref>

The surfaces by the late 19th century and early 20th century had now become standardized. Clay, lawn, and concrete courts were now the most common types of surfaces played on. Other Another major changes occurring were the clothing. For women, their skirts increasingly grew shorter from the 1920s and on, while for the men their clothing became less formal and more conducive for running.<ref>For a history of clothing and tennis equipment, see: Lake, R. (2015). A social history of tennis in Britain. London: New York, NY.</ref>

Changes to tennis in the early 1900s mostly relate to the development of tournament play and international tournaments developing. One of these was the Davis cup Cup that first held its tournament in 1900. By the 1920s, the four major tournamentsof that time became the same as those today, with Wimbledon, the US Open, the French Open, and the Australian Openis the most important in tennis. The US open was developed in 1881, the French Open in 1891, had developed and remain as the four most important Australian Open in 1905.<ref>For a history of the major tournaments in , see: Collins, B., & Hollander, Z. (1994). Bud Collins’ modern encyclopedia of tennis. Detroit: Gale Research.</ref>  Although in the 19th century the masses began to play tennis more, it was still largely a sport of the upper classes. What changed this was the Great Depressionin the 1930s. During this time, public works projects in the United States in particular included building tennis courts in schools and public areas. This helped more people to take up the game of tennis, increasing its popularity. Tournaments were now held not just in exclusive clubs but in other areas as well. The development of professional international organizations paved the way for international tournament play, standardization, and the modern professional game of tennis at international levels. <ref>For more on how tennis became the sport of different classes, see: Baker, W. J. (1988).  Sports in the Western world (Rev. ed., Illini books ed). Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pg. 228.</ref> The International Lawn Tennis Federation, later renamed the International Tennis Federation, was developed in 1913. Tennis was featured in the 1924 Olympics, although it did not reappear again until 1984. In 1968, the Open Era began when amateurs and professional athletes competed in the major tournaments.<ref>For history on the International Federation, see: Bowers, C. (2013). The international tennis federation: a century of contribution (1st ed). New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.</ref> These developments have all led to the mass popularity of the game and the professional tournaments that are still with us.