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[[File:Berliner_kongress.jpg|thumbnail|350px|left|Congress of Berlin meeting to resolve the Russo-Turkish War]]
The Congress of Berlin was a gathering of the representatives of the Russian Empire, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany, the great powers in Europe and the Balkan states; Greece, Serbia, Rumania and Montenegro. and the Ottoman Empire. The Congress was hosted by the German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck. The aim of the Congress was to resolve territorial and other disputes in the Balkans after the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-8. It also sought to ease tensions in Europe, because other great powers feared that Russia was growing too strong and was upsetting the continent’s balance of power. The Congress also sought to restrain Pan-Slavic nationalism. The Congress actions ultimately sacrificed long term stability in favor of a short term easing of political tensions.
==Background==
The outcome of the war greatly alarmed the other European powers. The decisive Russian victory in the Balkans had important implications for all the other European powers. The German and Austro-Hungarian Empires were worried that the war had encouraged Slavic nationalism and they both had large Slavic minorities in their realms.<ref>Glenny, 134</ref> If there was a strong Slavic state created in the Balkans, it could foster Slavic nationalism among their own populations and could lead to instability or even the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in particular. The British and the French were also alarmed by the growing power of the Russians in the Balkans. The governments in Paris and London welcomed Russia’s victory but were worried that it could lead to it dominating the Balkans.
In particular, they were worried about Russian ambitions in the Bosporus. This is one of the world’s most strategic waterways and it connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean. The Russian Tsar Alexander II had ambitions, to capture Constantinople. This would have allowed the Russian navy access to the Mediterranean and this was seen as a threat to French and British interests. Britain in particular, believed that if Russia was to dominate the Bosporus Straits it would threaten its ‘sphere of influence’ in the Mediterranean.<ref>Glenny, 78</ref> The British made clear that they would not allow the Russians access to the Bosporus. London made clear it would go to war with Russian over the issue.<ref>Albertini, Luigi (2002).''[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00C7BUVMW/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00C7BUVMW&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=f093fef231322b9f1fb77d2daa94f34e The Origins of the War of 1914: European relations from the Congress of Berlin to the eve of the Sarajevo murder].'' Oxford University Press, p. 119.</ref> <dh-ad/>
==Congress of Berlin==
