Changes

====The Origins of Visiting a Beach====Informally, people have been swimming and visiting beaches for generations. However, beaches were not considered a place a large number of tourists, and certainly not families, would go visit during the summer months or even other times of the year. The beach was sometimes isolated from communitiesand even seen as dangerous. During By the Medieval and early Modern Period, people would see the beach as possibly a nice place to look at but people would not swim since taking ones one's clothes to go for a swim would be seen as immodest, for both men and women. Even children taking their clothes off and changing to swimwear would not be commonas mostly unheard of. Perhaps some of the earliest records of beach-side use comes come from the 18th century. Interestingly, it was not the beach but nearby spas that attracted people closer to the beach. In Scarborough, in Yorkshire in the United Kingdom, the town was known to have a natural acidic water spring that ran from the cliffs to the beach area. The spa, seen as providing health benefits mostly by wealthy individuals, led to the development of resorts and hotels in the town for people to take advantage of the natural spa. Instead of swimming in the ocean to feel refreshed, people wanted to change and dip in the spa waters. At this time already, modesty expectations made changing into swimwear somewhat complex. The first rolling bathing machines were introduced in 1735 as a way for people to change inside these areas into swimwear and then go for a swim in the spa waters. These box-like rooms could be rolled close to the beach so people would not have to be exposed too long in showing their swimwear, which covered most of peoples' bodies. By the mid-18th century, wealthy Europeans began to see the beach as a place that offered exercise and experiencing the outdoors, which they increasingly saw as beneficial for health.

The beginnings of mass consumption of going to Interestingly, it was not the beach can be traced but nearby spas that attracted people closer to the reign of King George IVbeach. In Scarborough, who made Brighton in Yorkshire in the United Kingdom, the 1820s a resort town, which it is still today, for Londoners wanting was known to escape urban life. Hotels and venues for lesiure were beginning have a natural acidic water spring that ran from the cliffs to be built at this timethe beach area. The beach was now spa, seen as part of the escape from the big cityproviding health benefits mostly by wealthy individuals, but visiting led to the beach was still mainly an upper-class privilege. Landscape paintings by this time, development of resorts and going into the early Victorian period hotels in the 1840s, began town for people to pain take advantage of the beach as part natural spa. Instead of a picturesque landscape swimming in enjoying nature's beauty. This helped attract the ocean to feel refreshed, people wanted to beacheschange and dip in the spa waters. HoweverAt this time already, most people would not swim and modesty rules of the day expectations made bathing changing into swimwear somewhat complex.

The next big change for beginnings of mass consumption of going to the beach was can be traced to the railway beginning reign of King George IV, who made Brighton in the 1840s and going through 1820s a boom period in the 1850s-1860s. Towns such as Blackpool in northwestern England began to transform as popular sea-side resort towns with large boardwalks built town, which it is still today, for Londoners wanting to accommodate the middle classes now visiting beachesescape urban life. The railroad made accessing these towns not only easier but also affordable Hotels and venues for many people. Working conditions began to evolve with holiday periods given and factories leisure were beginning to institute one week in the year where they would close for maintenancebe built at this time. This created the opportunity for The beach holidays to develop. Most was now seen as part of the actual time spent at a beach town was not on escape from the actual beach big city, but rather visiting the boardwalks that diverted people's attentionbeach was still mainly an upper-class privilege. Fairs, carnivalsLandscape paintings by this time, and showmen would all compete for people's money and time. At going into the early Victorian period in the beach1840s, the bathing machines began to be installed on beaches along some of paint the towns. However, what prevented large numbers beach as part of people using the beach was that beach activity was usually considered not a family activity but rather the sexes were separated since it was considered immodest to swim picturesque landscape in the presence of the other sex and in publicenjoying nature's beauty. In fact, swimming was often This helped attract people to beaches as beaches began to be seen unacceptable for their beauty as a married womanplace to enjoy. Laws in EnglandHowever, such as in Suffolk, stated that a woman could most people would not bathe in “a place at which any person swim and modesty rules of the male sex, above day made bathing somewhat complex.<ref>For more on how the British developed the age idea of 12 years, may be set down visiting a beach for the purpose of bathing." Swimwearmasses, which covered nearly the entire bodysee: Jenkinson, was still considered immodest to see in view Jo. 2015. <i>The Lure of the opposite sexBeach: A History of Public Bathing in Brighton</i>. Brighton Historical Society (Vic. This made the beach less of a family activity and more an activity between friends or individuals wanting a swim). </ref>{{Mediawiki:TabletAd1}}

Although the UK is ====Later Changes====[[File:38ADD9F000000578-3801904-image-a-57 1474548834698.jpg|thumb|left|Figure 2. Beaches in Victorian Britain often had activities, although this often did not known involve swimming in public given its perception of immodesty.]]The next big change for having the best beach weather, it was English love of the beach that started railway beginning in the 1840s and going through a trend of mass tourism where people began to visit beach resortsboom period in the 1850s-1860s. In France, the French Riviera Towns such as Blackpool in northwestern England began to be developed transform as a popular beach area, particularly Nicesea-side resort towns with large boardwalks built to accommodate the middle classes now visiting beaches. Interestingly, it was often visiting British in The railroad made accessing these towns rather than locals that led to the initial development of the French Riveranot only easier but also affordable for many people. However, Queen Victoria popularized beaches by building her holiday home in the 1870s more people began to see the beauty and fun Isle of going to the beach and throughout Europe beach towns began to develop. Monte Carlo, the famed gambling placeWight, developed as near a town visited by tourists in the 1870s to enjoy the seaside views and beach. Interestingly, it was continental Europeans who Working conditions began to influence bathing evolve with holiday periods given and swimming culture. In Europe, attitudes towards nudity and exposing factories beginning to institute one self were far more lax than Britain. The idea of stripping to minimal clothing or even being nude week in going the year where they would close for a swim developed already by the 1870s, although this was not universalmaintenance. In This created the United States, the late 19th century also began the trend of seaside towns and resorts. Florida, New Jersey, and other coastal places began opportunity for beach holidays to develop resort towns. In England alone, there were 100 resort towns with more than 50,000 people by the end of the 19th century. The seaside holiday and spending time on although this mostly involved visiting a beach now became part of the normal holiday cycle, although but often not swimming was not common for many people at the beach and sunbathing on a beach was frowned uponin it.

The modern beach began to form Laws in England, such as in Suffolk, stated that a woman could not bathe in “a place at which any person of the male sex, above the rolling machines began age of 12 years, maybe set down for the purpose of bathing." Swimwear, which covered nearly the entire body, was still considered immodest to diminish see in view of the opposite sex. This made the beach less of family activity and swimming by both sexes together became more acceptable, allowing also families to enjoy time together either sitting activity between friends or individuals wanting a swim (Figure 2).<ref>For more on activities at a beach in the beach or swimmingVictorian period, see: Ferry, Kathryn. 2009.<i> The British Seaside Holiday</i>. Shire History 4. Oxford: Shire.</ref>

However, in the 1870s, more people began to see the beauty and fun of going to the beach and throughout Europe beach towns began to develop. Monte Carlo, the famed gambling place, developed as a town visited by tourists in the 1870s to enjoy the seaside views and beach with gambling developed as an alternative diversion. Interestingly, it was continental Europeans who began to also influence bathing and swimming culture. In Europe, attitudes towards nudity and exposing one self were far more lax than in Britain.  The idea of stripping to minimal clothing or even being nude in going for a swim developed already by the 1870s, although this was not universal and many frowned upon this even in Europe. In the United States, the late 19th century also began the trend of seaside towns and resorts. Florida, New Jersey, and other coastal places began to develop resort towns. In England alone, there were 100 resort towns with more than 50,000 people by the end of the 19th century. The seaside holiday and spending time on a beach now became part of the normal holiday cycle, although swimming was not common for many people at the beach and sunbathing on a beach was frowned upon all together.<ref>For more on the spread of seaside towns and resorts in Europe, and its wider influence, see: Borsay, Peter, and Jan Hein Furnée, eds. 2016. <i>Leisure Cultures in Urban Europe, c. 1700-1870: A Transnational Perspective</i>. Edited by Peter Borsay and Jan Hein Furnée. Studies in Popular Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press. </ref> ====The Modern Beach====The modern beach began to form as the bathing rolling machines began to diminish and swimming by both sexes together became more acceptable, allowing also families to enjoy time together either sitting at the beach or swimming. In the early 1900s, people began to accept women and men could swim together or at least swim at the same time and on the same beach. Bathing rolling machines became less popular and soon began to disappear. Clothing still covered most of the body, for men and women, but attitudes in England and the United States began to relax, with continental Europe already having been relaxed about swimming decades earlier.  Nevertheless, councilors as late as the 1930s attempted to ban mixed swimming, arguing in some cases that it prevented the marriage and made women have loose morals. What probably helped change public attitudes were people becoming increasingly health conscious, not only for men but also women. The Olympics of 1912 were influential in public swimming, as that was the first time women were allowed to compete in a swimming competition. This helped to make the public seeing swimming by women more acceptable, including at the beach. Swimming was now seen as part of an exercise for a healthy life and both sexes were now taught how to swim in formal lessons and classes.  People in the 1930s, particularly as the Depression made other activities more expensive, began to see the beach as a pleasurable and affordable place to visit, with movements against any more socially conservative attempts to prohibit the mixing of sexes in using the beach. The 1920s had begun to loosen swimwear rules for women as well, where it became more acceptable for women to expose themselves somewhat more than they could publicly in the 1800s. However, arrests were still common through the 1920s and early 1930s for indecency even when women and men wore long, by modern standards, single-piece swimsuits.<ref>For more on the changing attitudes toward public bathing and swimming, particularly in the UK, see: Parr, Susie. 2011. <i>The Story of Swimming</i>. Stockport: Dewi Lewis Media.</ref>  Given the relatively lax attitudes in mainland Europe towards public swimming and particularly women swimming and having relatively less clothing, it might not be surprising that in 1946 the bikini made its public debut in France, with Micheline Bernardini modeling the first bikini with the design developed by Jacques Heim. Throughout the 1950s, continental Europe began to embrace the bikini, although there was resistance by the Catholic church, with the Pope calling the bikini and some other swimwear as sinful.  Nevertheless, as the church continued to lose influence in Europe, and social norms became more liberal, foreigners, as well as Europeans, began to encounter the bikini more commonly in beaches. In particular, Brigitte Bardot wearing a bikini in the 1953 Cannes film festival did much to popularize the bikini in Europe and the United States. Films began to feature more women and men in beaches together, with male swimwear also becoming more revealing in the 1950s. Once again, French designers influenced this, with simple one-piece and much shorter swimwear developed and by 1960 the minimal Speedo was even developed, although this proved unpopular outside of Europe. What the clothing did was enable public bathing to become more socially acceptable throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, paritcularly as the clothing could be easily worn underneath common clothes or changed into.  However, outside of Europe and the United States, attitudes tended to be more conservative, with many other countries not developing resorts and beaches until the 1970s and later. Today, rules for using beaches are very diverse around the world, reflecting that public swimming and what it entails is still diverse in many areas around the world.<ref>For more on the history of swimwear and how that shaped attitudes about the beach, see: Kennedy, Sarah. 2010. <i>The Swimsuit: A History of Twentieth-Century Fashions</i>. London: Carlton Books. </ref> ====Summary====Today the beach is so popular that we have so-called 'fake' beaches, with artificial sand placed in some areas to create a beach-like atmosphere. Additionally, sports such as surfing, beach volleyball, all of which became popular from the 1960s and later, began to make the beach more diverse in the type of activities it offered. Swimwear and public attitudes towards health and swimming shifted, allowing both sexes to feel more free in publicly swimming, particularly in Britain and the United States. {{MediaWiki:AmNative}}====References====<references/> [[Category:Wikis]] [[Category:Cultural History]] [[Category: British History]]