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During the English Civil War, from 1642-1651, Parliament became not only powerful but overthrew the monarch with the establishment of the post Lord Protector under Oliver Cromwell. Although the post of "Lord Protector" did not last after Cromwell, with the king (Charles II) invited back to govern, English and subsequently British and global history changed. Now, Parliament with much greater authority and having the ability to control the fate of the king, began to formalize a new position that enabled someone beside the king to lead the government. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 overthrew the king once more (James II), which effectively gave Parliament more power. This was followed up with the Bill of Rights in 1689 Act. This formalized the House of Commons as being part of the government and able to control taxes and establish new laws. This drastically reduced the power of the king but it required someone else to lead government. Although elections were held, no post was created to enable the winning party to claim the role of 'Prime Minister.' Under George I, who came to the throne in 1714, it became more apparent that a chief, leading minister acting to lead the government was needed. George did not speak English and was also the King of Hanover. This meant he was often detached from British affairs, leaving government to his chief adviser. The main minister in his government was Robert Walpole(1721-1742), who soon began to effectively lead and become the first <i>de facto </i> Prime Minister(Figure 1). During that time, 10 Downing Street was offered as a house to the Prime Minister when he was in London carrying out government affairs. This became the tradition, whereby the Prime Minister would reside in 10 Downing Street and has since become the unofficial name of the government. Many Prime Ministers did not reside there, but since the early 20th century it has become used by all Prime Ministers in the UK. Although he was not elected through his party winning the House of Commons, it set the precedent that a chief adviser should also formally lead government. William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), who was the chief adviser to George III (1760-180), began to consolidate more power as it became increasingly clear that George III had increasing mental health problems that led him to be ineffective. This was crucial for Britain during this time, particular as numerous crises began to emerge, including the threat of invasion from Napoleon. The formal title of "Prime Minister" only appeared during the tenure of Benjamin Disraeli (1874-1880), with the post finally given official title in 1905. [[File:Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford by Arthur Pond.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Robert Walpole is considered the first Prime Minister, although he and others often did not use this title but it slowly developed as the common title used for the king's first minister.]]