Changes

In ancient periods, patriotic songs existed, often at the city or city-state level, that talked about the goodness, affection for, or even lament toward a city. There is evidence in ancient Mesopotamia and Greece. During the Roman Republic, the concept of <i>patria</i> existed. It was the idea that one could be loyal to the state , and it encouraged patriotic activities, including song, toward the state.

The concept of anthem develops in the Medieval period during the period of monarchies. In England, the coronation ceremony consisted of patriotic song songs and psalms and other liturgical music that associated the state with the sacred religious duty that gave it legitimacy. In fact, later Later national anthems take themes and structure of music from psalms and hymns in developing formal national anthems. The Catholic votive antiphon influenced both Catholic and Protestant states in creating hymn-like songs, some of which later formed the basis for anthems. Anthems Hymns were effectively church-related music, with national anthems later then adopting their format.

The first anthem for a state could be considered was "Wilhelmus, (Figure 1)," which is a Dutch anthem from 1572 that dates to the Dutch revolt that broke the Dutch away from Spanish rule. William, leader of the Dutch, is displayed as a King David like figure, where the heroic struggle is was framed in religious language. At this point, The Dutch saw the war was seen as a war battle between the Protestant Dutch and Catholics of Spain. Thus, the The war was framed not only as a nationalistic struggle but also one that defined . The war was an effort to define the true path of Christ from the perspective of the belligerents. The music Music from this time thus encouraged those people to take up arms . People fought not only for the love of their country but also for the love of their religious beliefs.

In Britain, in 1745, Bonny Prince Charlie led a Jacobite rebellion against the British Crown. This rebellion led to the resurgence in of nationalism in Britain, at least in areas where the rebellious prince was not popular, leading to the tune "God Save the King/Queen" to become popular. The origin of this work is probably much older , but around this time , it seems to have regained renewed attention. Eventually, this formed the basis for other patriotic songs in Britain and the wider British Empire. This type of music also became known as royal anthems.<ref>For reference regarding the development of national anthems in the Medieval and Early Modern Period, see: Kelen C (2015) <i>Anthem Quality: National Songs : A Theoretical Study</i>. Intellect Books.</ref>

While emerging nationalism during times of upheaval led to patriotic songs, many of these were still not considered national anthems as they were not meant to be sung by everyone or in reference to the state by the wider population. This only emerged when the monarchy was removed, in this case during the French Revolution. The work <i>La Marseillaise</i> is generally considered the first true national anthem as because it was composed by the First French Republic, for the first time reflecting a work that . <i>La Marseillaise</i> was meant to be sung by the general population and to celebrate the republic. The song was not in a reference to a monarch or hereditary office that was religiously enshrined (Figure 2). This work The song was removed abandoned after the downfall of the First Republic, but then it reemerged after the restoration of the Republic in France in 1830.

While European states, mainly new states, formed national anthems, the old states of Europe, and even the United States, did not have national anthems. Works such as <i>The Star-Spangled Banner</i> were was not considered the official national anthems throughout the 19th century. In the case of the <i>"The Star-Spangled Banner</i>, this work derives from the War of 1812 during the Battle of Fort M'Henry. However, this work only became the national anthem in 1931 under President Hoover.<ref>For more on the Star-Spangled Banner, see: Ferris M (2014) <i>Star-Spangled Banner: The Unlikely Story of America’s National Anthem</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref> Nevertheless, works such as this and others increasingly became associated with some official patriotic feeling for many countries.

InterestinglyUltimately, it may have been was the Olympics that finally pushed many of the remaining states to adopt formal national anthems. In 1920, the Olympics began to play anthems of states. For countries that had them, this was not a problem, but many countries still did not have anthems at this pointlacked one. The Olympic committee effectively motivated states to adopt national anthems. Renewed de-colonization, similar to the 19th -century emergence of European states, led to a renewed waive wave of national anthems.<ref>For more on 19th century and 20th -century development of anthems, see: Cerulo KA (1989) Sociopolitical Control and the Structure of National Symbols: An Empirical Analysis of National Anthems. <i>Social Forces</i> 68(1): 76. DOI: 10.2307/2579221.</ref>

Interestingly, sports began to play national songs at around 1905, with Wales perhaps being the first country, although not fully independent, to play a national anthem at a rugby game. The Olympics then adopted this idea in 1920, with the US adopting . The United States expanded this idea by playing national anthems at sporting events and other occasions during World War II. Military anthems became increasingly common since the 19th centuryThis practice stuck, but as countries adopted national anthems and most sporting events in the 19th and 20th centuries, soon many of these anthems began to merge. It became increasingly common, therefore, to play national anthems at national events or military and remembrance celebrationsUnited States still start with the Star-Spangled Banner.

Military anthems became increasingly common since the 19th century, but as countries adopted national anthems in the 19th and 20th centuries, soon, many of these anthems began to merge. It became increasingly common, therefore, to play national anthems at national events or military and remembrance celebrations.  Many countries have broadened when the national anthem is played. Some, such as Tanzania, play it during the beginning of as a school day for children. Countries such as Colombia play the national anthem at specific times, such as between 6 AM and 6 PM and on the radio or TV channels. Dictatorships often change the national anthem, where different anthems often are associated with a regime rather than a country.  In some contexts, such as Taiwan in the Olympics, anthems can be controversial, as those countries are not recognized by all member states.<ref>For more on how national anthems evolved as to how they were played or displayed, see: Waterman S (2020) National Anthems and National Symbolism: Singing the Nation. <i> Handbook of the Changing World Language Map</i>. ppp. 603-2618. Springer. </ref>

For many countries and their citizens, national anthems have become symbols of the state and , loyalty , and patriotism to it. However, national anthems reflect a very much the new idea modern notion of the nation-state and what it meant that . This concept only emerged in the 19th century, although many national anthems, such as that of the Netherlands, are actually old works.  Nevertheless, many European and Western anthems reflect the emergence of the state that was independent from of a specific monarchy or religion. although Although in unofficial anthems, such as that of the United Kingdom, the monarchy is still tied to the anthem. Nevertheless, the French Revolution, and later modern Olympic games, helped to solidify the concept and association of national anthems with states as we know them today.