https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&feed=atom&action=historyWhat are the Origins of Astronomy - Revision history2024-03-28T22:56:00ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=23256&oldid=prevAdmin: Admin moved page What are the Origins of Astronomy? to What are the Origins of Astronomy2021-09-16T21:25:27Z<p>Admin moved page <a href="/What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What are the Origins of Astronomy?">What are the Origins of Astronomy?</a> to <a href="/What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy" title="What are the Origins of Astronomy">What are the Origins of Astronomy</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=23255&oldid=prevAdmin at 21:25, 16 September 20212021-09-16T21:25:10Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </del>Starry Night]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Starry Night<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as a field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as a field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=23254&oldid=prevAdmin at 21:24, 16 September 20212021-09-16T21:24:50Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as a field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as a field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Major Achievements==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Major Achievements==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|left|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">250px</del>|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|left|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">255px</ins>|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=22721&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:48, 14 April 20212021-04-14T23:48:28Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|370px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|370px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">before </del>recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </del>Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy has often been seen as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>field first developed by ancient Greek scholars, but its origins most likely stretch back to recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, a system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==Early Development<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Early Development==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most likely astronomy <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">begins to develop </del>when agriculture becomes significant in the Neolithic in the ancient Near East. However, we only learn about astronomy in the 3rd and particularly in the 2nd millennium BC. By this time, astronomy had developed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in part </del>to regulate the agricultural cycle; however, perhaps more significantly for ancient Mesopotamian societies, it was used to create a calendar utilized in the worship of gods.<ref>For information on how early observations may have developed or utilized in agriculture and religion, see:  Olson, Richard. 2010. ''Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations. Prayer Series on the Ancient World''. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, Pg. 99.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most likely<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>astronomy <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">developed </ins>when agriculture becomes significant in the Neolithic in the ancient Near East. However, we only learn about astronomy in the 3rd and particularly in the 2nd millennium BC. By this time, astronomy had developed to regulate the agricultural cycle; however, perhaps more significantly for ancient Mesopotamian societies, it was used to create a calendar utilized in the worship of gods.<ref>For information on how early observations may have developed or utilized in agriculture and religion, see:  Olson, Richard. 2010. ''Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations. Prayer Series on the Ancient World''. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, Pg. 99.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In effect, much of the learning that had to do with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>understanding <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </del>the movement of celestial bodies <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </del>generally conflated with astrology.  The signs of the zodiac were invented in Mesopotamia probably by the 3rd millennium BC.<ref>For information about the development of the Zodiac signs, see:  Nardo, Don. 2009. ''Peoples and Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia''. Lucent Library of Historical Eras. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, Pg. 108.</ref> Specifically, this occurred in southern Mesopotamia, a region that eventually became synonymous with Babylonia and by extension the Babylonians, who provided much of our knowledge of how ancient astronomy developed there.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In effect, much of the learning that had to do with understanding the movement of celestial bodies <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>generally conflated with astrology.  The signs of the zodiac were invented in Mesopotamia probably by the 3rd millennium BC.<ref>For information about the development of the Zodiac signs, see:  Nardo, Don. 2009. ''Peoples and Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia''. Lucent Library of Historical Eras. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, Pg. 108.</ref> Specifically, this occurred in southern Mesopotamia, a region that eventually became synonymous with Babylonia and<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>by extension<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>the Babylonians, who provided much of our knowledge of how ancient astronomy developed there.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first astronomers were priests <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">who were </del>responsible for recording their observations on cuneiform tablets (Figure 1). Their observations were utilized as signs from the gods<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and that </del>information was then interpreted to understand events that might affect the king and his kingdom.<ref>For information on Mesopotamian (or Babylonian) astronomers, see:  Powell, Robert, and Kevin T. Dann. 2010. ''The Astrological Revolution: Unveiling the Science of the Stars as a Science of Reincarnation and Karma''. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Books.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first astronomers were priests responsible for recording their observations on cuneiform tablets (Figure 1). Their observations were utilized as signs from the gods<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. That </ins>information was then interpreted to understand events that might affect the king and his kingdom.<ref>For information on Mesopotamian (or Babylonian) astronomers, see:  Powell, Robert, and Kevin T. Dann. 2010. ''The Astrological Revolution: Unveiling the Science of the Stars as a Science of Reincarnation and Karma''. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Books.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although on the surface these seem to be nothing more than a system of superstition, the nearly continuous observation, over many centuries, of the celestial bodies led to subsequent developments that have influenced our scientific progress in the area.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although on the surface<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>these seem to be nothing more than a system of superstition, the nearly continuous observation, over many centuries, of the celestial bodies led to subsequent developments that have influenced our scientific progress in the area.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Major Achievements==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==Major Achievements<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|left|250px|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be to </del>interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This led to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the creation of </del>a calendar that would be timed around the movement of the moon in particular and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also </del>a system to predict when specific events would occur, such as eclipses. The eventual calendar that emerged began to have features we now also have in our calendars.<ref>The Calendar system of the Babylonians is discussed further here:  Cohn, Marc. 2007. ''The Mathematics of the Calendar''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com, Pg. 6.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This led to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">creating </ins>a calendar that would be timed around the movement of the moon in particular and a system to predict when specific events would occur, such as eclipses. The eventual calendar that emerged began to have features we now also have in our calendars.<ref>The Calendar system of the Babylonians is discussed further here:  Cohn, Marc. 2007. ''The Mathematics of the Calendar''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com, Pg. 6.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The calendar was based on the lunar cycle <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but also </del>the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, thus a form of a lunisolar calendar, giving the calendar 12 months, with the name of the months still used in Arabic and other Near East calendars.  Leap months were utilized to make up for the shortfall in days for a given year. Because the Babylonian calendar was relatively accurate, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this means </del>many historical events <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that are </del>recorded in their calendar could be dated to the exact day in some instances. For instance, we know the exact time <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in which </del>Halley’s comet was observed for the first time (Figure 1). While Herodotus is often called the first historian, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more accurately </del>the Babylonians should have this title as they provide the first set of accurate ancient dates anywhere in ancient history.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The calendar was based on the lunar cycle <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, thus a form of a lunisolar calendar, giving the calendar 12 months, with the name of the months still used in Arabic and other Near East calendars.  Leap months were utilized to make up for the shortfall in days for a given year. Because the Babylonian calendar was relatively accurate, many historical events recorded in their calendar could be dated to the exact day in some instances. For instance, we know the exact time Halley’s comet was observed for the first time (Figure 1). While Herodotus is often called the first historian, the Babylonians should have this title <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more accurately </ins>as they provide the first set of accurate ancient dates anywhere in ancient history.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other achievements include the understanding that solar and moon eclipses occur in periodic cycles that can be predicted. This eventually led to the system we call the Saros system, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which is </del>a system still used to predict eclipses. The world Saros derives from an Akkadian (i.e., the language used in much of Mesopotamia) word.<ref>For information on the Saros system and its development, see:  Aaboe, Asger, ed. 1991. ''Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 81, pt. 6. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</ref> In general, the system used by Mesopotamians, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or more </del>specifically the Babylonians, to calculate lunar orbit was considered <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to be </del>highly accurate.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other achievements include the understanding that solar and moon eclipses occur in periodic cycles that can be predicted. This eventually led to the system we call the Saros system, a system still used to predict eclipses. The world Saros derives from an Akkadian (i.e., the language used in much of Mesopotamia) word.<ref>For information on the Saros system and its development, see:  Aaboe, Asger, ed. 1991. ''Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 81, pt. 6. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</ref> In general, the system used by Mesopotamians, specifically the Babylonians, to calculate lunar orbit was considered highly accurate.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Additional innovations include the idea that the sky can be divided into coordinates using 360 degrees. This invented <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the idea of </del>a coordinate system used for any <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">type of </del>spatial mapping, which is a system we still use. In Mesopotamia, a sexagesimal system for counting and recording numeric data such as coordinates made keeping track of location convenient. This also works well for a time<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and this </del>Mesopotamian sexagesimal system is what we have inherited for use in the measurement of time<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>while also using the Babylonian system in our own coordinate systems.<ref>For Information on the Babylonian sexagesimal systems, see:  Ore, Øystein. 1988. ''Number Theory and Its History''. Dover Classics of Science and Mathematics. New York: Dover, Pg. 2.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Additional innovations include the idea that the sky can be divided into coordinates using 360 degrees. This invented a coordinate system used for any spatial mapping, which is a system we still use. In Mesopotamia, a sexagesimal system for counting and recording numeric data such as coordinates made keeping track of location convenient. This also works well for a time<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. This </ins>Mesopotamian sexagesimal system is what we have inherited for use in the measurement of time while also using the Babylonian system in our own coordinate systems.<ref>For Information on the Babylonian sexagesimal systems, see:  Ore, Øystein. 1988. ''Number Theory and Its History''. Dover Classics of Science and Mathematics. New York: Dover, Pg. 2.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==Conclusion<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Conclusion==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The need to keep track of time, record the location of celestial bodies in a type of coordinate system, and predict when events such as eclipses would occur meant that in Mesopotamia geometry had to be well developed.<ref>For Information about Babylonian geometry, see : Rudman, Peter Strom, and Peter Strom Rudman. 2010. ''The Babylonian Theorem: The Mathematical Journey to Pythagoras and Euclid''. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books.</ref> By at least the 2nd millennium BC people already understood the measurement of angles, the Pythagorean theorem (i.e. long before Pythagoras lived; Figure 2), and measurement of circular surfaces. As an example, the Babylonians had already known that Pi was slightly greater than 3.1 in value.<ref>For Information about Pi in Babylonia, see:  Beckmann, Petr. 1976. ''A History of [pi]''. Repr. New York: Barnes & Noble, Pg. 21.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The need to keep track of time, record the location of celestial bodies in a type of coordinate system, and predict when events such as eclipses would occur meant that in Mesopotamia<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>geometry had to be well developed.<ref>For Information about Babylonian geometry, see : Rudman, Peter Strom, and Peter Strom Rudman. 2010. ''The Babylonian Theorem: The Mathematical Journey to Pythagoras and Euclid''. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books.</ref> By at least the 2nd millennium BC<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>people already understood the measurement of angles, the Pythagorean theorem (i.e.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>long before Pythagoras lived; Figure 2), and measurement of circular surfaces. As an example, the Babylonians had already known that Pi was slightly greater than 3.1 in value.<ref>For Information about Pi in Babylonia, see:  Beckmann, Petr. 1976. ''A History of [pi]''. Repr. New York: Barnes & Noble, Pg. 21.</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=14092&oldid=prevAdmin at 01:06, 16 December 20182018-12-16T01:06:25Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Updated December 15, 2018.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Wikis]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Wikis]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:History of Science and Technology]] [[Category:Ancient History]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:History of Science and Technology]] [[Category:Ancient History]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=14091&oldid=prevAdmin at 01:05, 16 December 20182018-12-16T01:05:20Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:05, 16 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Major Achievements====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Major Achievements====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|left|250px</ins>|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would be to interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would be to interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=14090&oldid=prevAdmin at 01:04, 16 December 20182018-12-16T01:04:46Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:04, 16 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|370px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|left|370px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>often <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thought of </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>field <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that has </del>developed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </del>ancient Greek scholars, but its <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stretches even further back </del>most likely before recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">has </ins>often <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">been seen </ins>as field <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first </ins>developed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by </ins>ancient Greek scholars, but its <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">origins </ins>most likely <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">stretch back to </ins>before recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Early Development==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==Early Development==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Most likely astronomy begins to develop when agriculture becomes significant in the Neolithic in the ancient Near East. However, we only learn about astronomy in the 3rd and particularly in the 2nd millennium BC. By this time, astronomy had developed in part to regulate the agricultural cycle; however, perhaps more significantly for ancient Mesopotamian societies, it was used to create a calendar utilized in the worship of gods.<ref>For information on how early observations may have developed or utilized in agriculture and religion, see:  Olson, Richard. 2010. ''Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations. Prayer Series on the Ancient World''. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, Pg. 99.</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Most likely astronomy begins to develop when agriculture becomes significant in the Neolithic in the ancient Near East. However, we only learn about astronomy in the 3rd and particularly in the 2nd millennium BC. By this time, astronomy had developed in part to regulate the agricultural cycle; however, perhaps more significantly for ancient Mesopotamian societies, it was used to create a calendar utilized in the worship of gods.<ref>For information on how early observations may have developed or utilized in agriculture and religion, see:  Olson, Richard. 2010. ''Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations. Prayer Series on the Ancient World''. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, Pg. 99.</ref> </del>In effect, much of the learning that had to do with the understanding of the movement of celestial bodies <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </del>generally conflated with astrology.  <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In fact, the </del>signs of the zodiac were invented in Mesopotamia probably by the 3rd millennium BC.<ref>For information about the development of the Zodiac signs, see:  Nardo, Don. 2009. ''Peoples and Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia''. Lucent Library of Historical Eras. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, Pg. 108.</ref> Specifically, this occurred in southern Mesopotamia, a region that eventually became synonymous with Babylonia and by extension the Babylonians, who provided much of our knowledge of how ancient astronomy developed there.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In effect, much of the learning that had to do with the understanding of the movement of celestial bodies <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </ins>generally conflated with astrology.  <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </ins>signs of the zodiac were invented in Mesopotamia probably by the 3rd millennium BC.<ref>For information about the development of the Zodiac signs, see:  Nardo, Don. 2009. ''Peoples and Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia''. Lucent Library of Historical Eras. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, Pg. 108.</ref> Specifically, this occurred in southern Mesopotamia, a region that eventually became synonymous with Babylonia and by extension the Babylonians, who provided much of our knowledge of how ancient astronomy developed there.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first astronomers<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, in fact, </del>were priests who were responsible for recording their observations on cuneiform tablets (Figure 1). Their observations were utilized as signs from the gods and that information was then interpreted to understand events that might affect the king and his kingdom.<ref>For information on Mesopotamian (or Babylonian) astronomers, see:  Powell, Robert, and Kevin T. Dann. 2010. ''The Astrological Revolution: Unveiling the Science of the Stars as a Science of Reincarnation and Karma''. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Books.</ref> Although on the surface these <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">seems </del>to be nothing more than a system of superstition, the nearly continuous observation, over many centuries, of the celestial bodies led to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">secondary </del>developments that have influenced our <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">own </del>scientific progress in the area.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first astronomers were priests who were responsible for recording their observations on cuneiform tablets (Figure 1). Their observations were utilized as signs from the gods<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and that information was then interpreted to understand events that might affect the king and his kingdom.<ref>For information on Mesopotamian (or Babylonian) astronomers, see:  Powell, Robert, and Kevin T. Dann. 2010. ''The Astrological Revolution: Unveiling the Science of the Stars as a Science of Reincarnation and Karma''. Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Books.</ref>  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although on the surface these <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">seem </ins>to be nothing more than a system of superstition, the nearly continuous observation, over many centuries, of the celestial bodies led to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">subsequent </ins>developments that have influenced our scientific progress in the area.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====Major Achievements====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Babylonian tablet recording Halley's comet.jpg|thumbnail|Cuneiform Tablet detailing Halley's Comet from 164]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Major Achievements==</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Humans developed systems to understand where specific bodies, i.e., stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids, would be to interpret and provide omens to their information to their communities to both understand the past and predict the future.<ref>For Information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine the movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This led to the creation of a calendar that would be timed around the movement of the moon in particular and also a system to predict when specific events would occur, such as eclipses. The eventual calendar that emerged began to have features we now also have in our calendars.<ref>The Calendar system of the Babylonians is discussed further here:  Cohn, Marc. 2007. ''The Mathematics of the Calendar''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com, Pg. 6.</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The importance of celestial bodies such as the stars, moons, planets, comets, and asteroids to interpreting and providing omens meant that a system had to be developed to understand when specific bodies would be evident in the night sky and where.<ref>For information on observations and mathematical concepts used to determine movement of celestial bodies in Mesopotamia, see:  Ossendrijver, Mathieu. 2012. ''Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy Procedure Texts''. New York, NY: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3782-6.</ref> This led to the creation of a calendar that would be timed around the movement of the moon in particular and also a system to predict when specific events would occur, such as eclipses. The eventual calendar that emerged began to have features we now also have in our calendars.<ref>The calendar system of the Babylonians is discussed further here:  Cohn, Marc. 2007. ''The Mathematics of the Calendar''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com, Pg. 6.</ref> </del>The calendar was based on the lunar cycle but also the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, thus a form of lunisolar calendar, giving the calendar 12 months, with the name of the months still used in Arabic and other Near East calendars.  Leap months were utilized to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">makeup </del>for the shortfall in days for a given year. Because the Babylonian calendar was relatively <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>accurate, this means many historical events that are recorded in their calendar could be dated to the exact day in some instances. For instance, we know the exact <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">period </del>in which Halley’s comet was observed for the first time (Figure 1). While Herodotus is often called the first historian, more accurately the Babylonians should have this title as they provide the first set of accurate ancient dates anywhere in ancient history.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The calendar was based on the lunar cycle but also the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, thus a form of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>lunisolar calendar, giving the calendar 12 months, with the name of the months still used in Arabic and other Near East calendars.  Leap months were utilized to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">make up </ins>for the shortfall in days for a given year. Because the Babylonian calendar was relatively accurate, this means many historical events that are recorded in their calendar could be dated to the exact day in some instances. For instance, we know the exact <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time </ins>in which Halley’s comet was observed for the first time (Figure 1). While Herodotus is often called the first historian, more accurately the Babylonians should have this title as they provide the first set of accurate ancient dates anywhere in ancient history.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other achievements include the understanding that solar and moon eclipses occur in periodic cycles that can be predicted. This eventually led to the system we call the Saros system, which is a system still used to predict eclipses. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In fact, the </del>world Saros derives from an Akkadian (i.e., the language used in much of Mesopotamia) word.<ref>For information on the Saros system and its development, see:  Aaboe, Asger, ed. 1991. ''Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 81, pt. 6. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</ref> In general, the system used by Mesopotamians, or more specifically the Babylonians, to calculate lunar orbit was considered to be highly accurate.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other achievements include the understanding that solar and moon eclipses occur in periodic cycles that can be predicted. This eventually led to the system we call the Saros system, which is a system still used to predict eclipses. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </ins>world Saros derives from an Akkadian (i.e., the language used in much of Mesopotamia) word.<ref>For information on the Saros system and its development, see:  Aaboe, Asger, ed. 1991. ''Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 81, pt. 6. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</ref> In general, the system used by Mesopotamians, or more specifically the Babylonians, to calculate lunar orbit was considered to be highly accurate.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Additional innovations include the idea that the sky can be divided into coordinates using 360 degrees. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In fact, this </del>invented the idea of a coordinate system used for any type of spatial mapping, which is a system we still use. In Mesopotamia, a sexagesimal system for counting and recording numeric data such as coordinates made keeping track of location convenient. This also works well for time and this Mesopotamian sexagesimal system is what we have inherited for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using </del>in the measurement of time, while also using the Babylonian system in our own coordinate systems.<ref>For <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">information </del>on the Babylonian sexagesimal systems, see:  Ore, Øystein. 1988. ''Number Theory and Its History''. Dover Classics of Science and Mathematics. New York: Dover, Pg. 2.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Additional innovations include the idea that the sky can be divided into coordinates using 360 degrees. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This </ins>invented the idea of a coordinate system used for any type of spatial mapping, which is a system we still use. In Mesopotamia, a sexagesimal system for counting and recording numeric data such as coordinates made keeping track of location convenient. This also works well for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>time<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and this Mesopotamian sexagesimal system is what we have inherited for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </ins>in the measurement of time, while also using the Babylonian system in our own coordinate systems.<ref>For <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Information </ins>on the Babylonian sexagesimal systems, see:  Ore, Øystein. 1988. ''Number Theory and Its History''. Dover Classics of Science and Mathematics. New York: Dover, Pg. 2.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The need to keep track of time, record the location of celestial bodies in a type of coordinate system, and predict when events such as eclipses would occur meant that in Mesopotamia geometry had to be well developed.<ref>For <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">information </del>about Babylonian geometry, see : Rudman, Peter Strom, and Peter Strom Rudman. 2010. ''The Babylonian Theorem: The Mathematical Journey to Pythagoras and Euclid''. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books.</ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Measurement </del>of angles, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pythagoren </del>theorem (i.e. long before Pythagoras lived; Figure 2), and measurement of circular surfaces <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were already known by at least the 2nd millennium BC</del>. As an example, the Babylonians had already known that Pi was slightly greater than 3.1 in value.<ref>For <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">information </del>about Pi in Babylonia, see:  Beckmann, Petr. 1976. ''A History of [pi]''. Repr. New York: Barnes & Noble, Pg. 21.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">====Conclusion====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The need to keep track of time, record the location of celestial bodies in a type of coordinate system, and predict when events such as eclipses would occur meant that in Mesopotamia geometry had to be well developed.<ref>For <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Information </ins>about Babylonian geometry, see : Rudman, Peter Strom, and Peter Strom Rudman. 2010. ''The Babylonian Theorem: The Mathematical Journey to Pythagoras and Euclid''. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books.</ref> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">By at least the 2nd millennium BC people already understood the measurement </ins>of angles, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pythagorean </ins>theorem (i.e. long before Pythagoras lived; Figure 2), and measurement of circular surfaces. As an example, the Babylonians had already known that Pi was slightly greater than 3.1 in value.<ref>For <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Information </ins>about Pi in Babylonia, see:  Beckmann, Petr. 1976. ''A History of [pi]''. Repr. New York: Barnes & Noble, Pg. 21.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==References<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:History of Science and Technology]] [[Category:Ancient History]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:History of Science and Technology]] [[Category:Ancient History]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=4952&oldid=prevAdmin at 00:23, 6 December 20162016-12-06T00:23:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|370px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|left</ins>|370px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy is often thought of as a field that has developed from ancient Greek scholars, but its stretches even further back most likely before recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy is often thought of as a field that has developed from ancient Greek scholars, but its stretches even further back most likely before recorded history. We know that astronomy has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. These early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=3087&oldid=prevAdmin at 20:11, 8 July 20162016-07-08T20:11:39Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{mediawiki:Ancient Greece}}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_are_the_Origins_of_Astronomy&diff=2144&oldid=prevAdmin at 14:21, 30 May 20162016-05-30T14:21:05Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:21, 30 May 2016</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|370px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File: Starry-night-1149815 960 720.jpg|thumbnail|370px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy is often thought of as a field that has developed from ancient Greek scholars. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">However, it </del>has <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a longer history and initially </del>played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">For us, these </del>early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Astronomy is often thought of as a field that has developed from ancient Greek scholars<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, but its stretches even further back most likely before recorded history</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We know that astronomy </ins>has played a vital role in the agricultural cycle and early religions. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These </ins>early innovations have led to major advancements in developing our calendar, system of time, understanding of astronomical movements and prediction, coordinate system, and mathematical developments.<ref>For a history of astronomical developments and mathematics in Mesopotamia see:  Hodgkin, Luke Howard. 2013. ''A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Early Development==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Early Development==</div></td></tr>
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