https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&feed=atom&action=historyWhy did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead - Revision history2024-03-28T13:05:28ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=24889&oldid=prevAdmin: Admin moved page Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead? to Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead2021-10-05T05:34:43Z<p>Admin moved page <a href="/Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead?">Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead?</a> to <a href="/Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead" title="Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead">Why did the Egyptians Mummify their Dead</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14417&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:48, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:48:22Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Limestone,_jackal_headed_canopic_jar,_Egyptian,_2000BC_to_10_Wellcome_L0058459.jpg|left|thumbnail|Jackal-headed Canopic Jar]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Limestone,_jackal_headed_canopic_jar,_Egyptian,_2000BC_to_10_Wellcome_L0058459.jpg|left|thumbnail<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|300px</ins>|Jackal-headed Canopic Jar]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>   </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since their rediscovery, in the 19th century, we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very complicated process and a corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the sophisticated way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death, and the underworld.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since their rediscovery, in the 19th century, we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very complicated process and a corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the sophisticated way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death, and the underworld.  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14413&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:21, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:21:17Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are no written accounts of the detailed process of mummification, but texts indicate that the process took seventy days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref>  The first stage of the process was the “purification of the corpse” which lasted about three days and consisted of washing the body, reciting prayers and reading from sacred texts.<ref>Hays, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>, p.1.</ref> The body was disinfected using palm wine or a solution of a salt called natron.  Next, the internal organs were removed through an incision made in the left torso.  The organs were mummified separately, and the body cavities were also disinfected.  The brain cavity was soaked in resin, and the brain was removed via the left nostril. It is believed that the brain and organs were removed because they were prone to disintegration.<ref> “Mummification in Egypt.” <i>The British Medical Journal</i> 1.2409 (1907): 521–521. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.</ref>  In some periods the mummified organs were returned to the body cavity, but the most common practice was to place them in their separate jars, known as canopic jars, to be buried alongside the mummy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are no written accounts of the detailed process of mummification, but texts indicate that the process took seventy days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref>  The first stage of the process was the “purification of the corpse” which lasted about three days and consisted of washing the body, reciting prayers and reading from sacred texts.<ref>Hays, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>, p.1.</ref> The body was disinfected using palm wine or a solution of a salt called natron.  Next, the internal organs were removed through an incision made in the left torso.  The organs were mummified separately, and the body cavities were also disinfected.  The brain cavity was soaked in resin, and the brain was removed via the left nostril. It is believed that the brain and organs were removed because they were prone to disintegration.<ref> “Mummification in Egypt.” <i>The British Medical Journal</i> 1.2409 (1907): 521–521. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.</ref>  In some periods the mummified organs were returned to the body cavity, but the most common practice was to place them in their separate jars, known as canopic jars, to be buried alongside the mummy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><dh-ad/></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Next, the body was treated with salts inside and out in preparation for a desiccation process that took approximately thirty days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref>  This process of drying the body was the most important aspect of mummification because of the lack of moisture preserves the body tissues.  Although the body would remain untouched while it dried, there was a great deal of ritual and prayer that took place around it.  The entire process was intended to transform the deceased into the likeness of a god, much like the god of mummies and the underworld who was called Osiris.<ref>Hays,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Next, the body was treated with salts inside and out in preparation for a desiccation process that took approximately thirty days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref>  This process of drying the body was the most important aspect of mummification because of the lack of moisture preserves the body tissues.  Although the body would remain untouched while it dried, there was a great deal of ritual and prayer that took place around it.  The entire process was intended to transform the deceased into the likeness of a god, much like the god of mummies and the underworld who was called Osiris.<ref>Hays,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14412&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:20, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:20:20Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent thirty days of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited, and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent thirty days of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited, and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Conclusion<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14411&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:19, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:19:38Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent thirty days of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited, and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent thirty days of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited, and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====Conclusion===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14410&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:19, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:19:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Albany_museum,_egyptian_mummy_-_rsa.jpg|thumbnail|350px|Egyptian Mummy in Albany Museum Grahamstown]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Albany_museum,_egyptian_mummy_-_rsa.jpg|thumbnail<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|left</ins>|350px|Egyptian Mummy in Albany Museum Grahamstown]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mummification process involved a great deal of ritual and prayer.  It was believed that death was the process of transitioning from the land of the living, a world of suffering and limitations, to the land of the dead, where the deceased (if properly buried) could assume godlike powers including everlasting life and the ability to take any form they choose.<ref>Hays, Harold M. ”Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period). ” ‘’’’UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology’’’’. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 1.</ref>  Any person who could afford it was mummified.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mummification process involved a great deal of ritual and prayer.  It was believed that death was the process of transitioning from the land of the living, a world of suffering and limitations, to the land of the dead, where the deceased (if properly buried) could assume godlike powers including everlasting life and the ability to take any form they choose.<ref>Hays, Harold M. ”Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period). ” ‘’’’UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology’’’’. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 1.</ref>  Any person who could afford it was mummified.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When a person of great wealth or status died, the process of assisting them in their journey to the afterlife began immediately. The body was transported to the necropolis as a part of a ceremony that constituted a symbolic journey from the land of the living in the east, across the Nile to the land of the dead in the west.<ref>Jones, Dilwyn.  ‘’’’Boats. Egyptian Bookshelf’’’’.  Austin: University of Texas Press. 1995. Print. p. 25.</ref> When the body arrived on the west bank, it was met by a group of priests and priestesses who informed the gods that the deceased had arrived.  Each priest involved played the role of a particular god who received the deceased and participated in their transition to the underworld.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">      </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When a person of great wealth or status died, the process of assisting them in their journey to the afterlife began immediately. The body was transported to the necropolis as a part of a ceremony that constituted a symbolic journey from the land of the living in the east, across the Nile to the land of the dead in the west.<ref>Jones, Dilwyn.  ‘’’’Boats. Egyptian Bookshelf’’’’.  Austin: University of Texas Press. 1995. Print. p. 25.</ref> When the body arrived on the west bank, it was met by a group of priests and priestesses who informed the gods that the deceased had arrived.  Each priest involved played the role of a particular god who received the deceased and participated in their transition to the underworld.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The mummification process====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The mummification process====</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14409&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:14, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:14:25Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Thomas Jefferson, </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Founding Fathers, and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Did Egyptian President Gamal Nasser Protect </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Copts?</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Wikis]]  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Wikis]]  </div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=14408&oldid=prevAdmin at 23:13, 4 January 20192019-01-04T23:13:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__NOTOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Mediawiki:kindleoasis}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Limestone,_jackal_headed_canopic_jar,_Egyptian,_2000BC_to_10_Wellcome_L0058459.jpg|left|thumbnail|Jackal-headed Canopic Jar]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Limestone,_jackal_headed_canopic_jar,_Egyptian,_2000BC_to_10_Wellcome_L0058459.jpg|left|thumbnail|Jackal-headed Canopic Jar]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>  Since their rediscovery in the 19th century we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">complex </del>process and corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">complex </del>way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death and the underworld.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>   </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since their rediscovery<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>in the 19th century<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">complicated </ins>process and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sophisticated </ins>way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the underworld.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ancient Egyptians conceived of the human body as an amalgam of smaller parts including the limbs, organs, blood, bone, hair, et cetera <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>and that this collection of parts constituted a whole, which was the earthly home for the three parts of the soul.  These parts were known as the ka, the ba and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">akh</del>. The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ka </del>was the part of the soul that existed in the living realm and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">akh </del>was the part of the soul that existed in the land of the dead or the underworld.  The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ka </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">akh </del>were each a kind of “double” of their host.  The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ba</del>, which <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>often depicted as a bird with the head of the deceased, could travel between the two realms of the living and the dead.<ref>Riggs, Christina, “Body.” <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 4.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ancient Egyptians conceived of the human body as an amalgam of smaller parts including the limbs, organs, blood, bone, hair, et cetera and that this collection of parts constituted a whole, which was the earthly home for the three parts of the soul.  These parts were known as the ka, the ba<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Akh</ins>. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ka </ins>was the part of the soul that existed in the living realm<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Akh </ins>was the part of the soul that existed in the land of the dead or the underworld.  The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ka </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Akh </ins>were each a kind of “double” of their host.  The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ba</ins>, which <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>often depicted as a bird with the head of the deceased, could travel between the two realms of the living and the dead.<ref>Riggs, Christina, “Body.” <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>             </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>             </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ka</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ba </del>and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">akh </del>relied upon the body to function effectively in the afterlife.<ref>Ikram, 2</ref> It was necessary for the body to remain whole throughout life and after death because of the function it served as a home for the parts of the soul.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2</ref> Without a physical meeting point, the parts of the soul would become lost from each other and the individual would cease to exist.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ka</ins>, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ba, </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Akh </ins>relied upon the body to function effectively in the afterlife.<ref>Ikram, 2</ref> It was necessary for the body to remain whole throughout life and after death<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>because of the function it served as a home for the parts of the soul.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2</ref> Without a physical meeting point, the parts of the soul would become lost from each other<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the individual would cease to exist.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Egyptians harbored a deep fear that their physical body would be damaged or disfigured after death.  Tomb walls and religious texts feature prayers and spells for protecting the body and guiding the parts of the soul back to the person’s tomb should they get lost or become unable to recognize the body.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4. </ref> Essentially, the individual’s eternal afterlife depended on their body <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">being preserved such that </del>it could be recognized and reanimated by its soul.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Egyptians harbored a deep fear that their physical body would be damaged or disfigured after death.  Tomb walls and religious texts feature prayers and spells for protecting the body and guiding the parts of the soul back to the person’s tomb should they get lost or become unable to recognize the body.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4. </ref> Essentially, the individual’s eternal afterlife depended on their body<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'s successful preservation so </ins>it could be recognized <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in the afterlife </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be </ins>reanimated by its soul.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l18" >Line 18:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The mummification process====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====The mummification process====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to remember that the practice of mummification was carried out <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">over period of </del>thousands of years.  The process changed throughout history and there is no one way that the Egyptians mummified their dead.  Described in this article is what Egyptologists call the “classic” manner of mummification, or mummification as it was carried out in the pharaonic period.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to remember that the practice of mummification was carried out <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">throughout </ins>thousands of years.  The process changed throughout history<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and there is no one way that the Egyptians mummified their dead.  Described in this article is what Egyptologists call the “classic” manner of mummification, or mummification as it was carried out in the pharaonic period.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are no written accounts of the detailed process of mummification, but texts indicate that the process took seventy days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref>  The first stage of the process was the “purification of the corpse” which lasted about three days and consisted of washing the body, reciting prayers and reading from sacred texts.<ref>Hays, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>, p.1.</ref> The body was disinfected using palm wine or a solution of a salt called natron.  Next, the internal organs were removed through an incision made in the left torso.  The organs were mummified separately and the body cavities were also disinfected.  The brain cavity was soaked in resin and the brain was removed via the left nostril. It is believed that the brain and organs were removed because they were prone to disintegration.<ref> “Mummification in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Egypt”</del>. <i>The British Medical Journal</i> 1.2409 (1907): 521–521. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.</ref>  In some periods the mummified organs were returned to the body cavity, but the most common practice was to place them in their <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">own </del>separate jars, known as canopic jars, to be buried alongside the mummy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are no written accounts of the detailed process of mummification, but texts indicate that the process took seventy days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref>  The first stage of the process was the “purification of the corpse” which lasted about three days and consisted of washing the body, reciting prayers and reading from sacred texts.<ref>Hays, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>, p.1.</ref> The body was disinfected using palm wine or a solution of a salt called natron.  Next, the internal organs were removed through an incision made in the left torso.  The organs were mummified separately<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the body cavities were also disinfected.  The brain cavity was soaked in resin<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the brain was removed via the left nostril. It is believed that the brain and organs were removed because they were prone to disintegration.<ref> “Mummification in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Egypt</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">” </ins><i>The British Medical Journal</i> 1.2409 (1907): 521–521. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.</ref>  In some periods the mummified organs were returned to the body cavity, but the most common practice was to place them in their separate jars, known as canopic jars, to be buried alongside the mummy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Next the body was treated with salts inside and out in preparation for a desiccation process that took approximately thirty days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref>  This process of drying the body was the most important aspect of mummification because the lack of moisture preserves the body tissues.  Although the body would remain untouched while it dried, there was a great deal of ritual and prayer that took place around it.  The entire process was intended to transform the deceased into the likeness of a god, much like the god of mummies and the underworld who was called Osiris.<ref>Hays,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Next<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>the body was treated with salts inside and out in preparation for a desiccation process that took approximately thirty days.<ref>Ikram, <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref>  This process of drying the body was the most important aspect of mummification because <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </ins>the lack of moisture preserves the body tissues.  Although the body would remain untouched while it dried, there was a great deal of ritual and prayer that took place around it.  The entire process was intended to transform the deceased into the likeness of a god, much like the god of mummies and the underworld who was called Osiris.<ref>Hays,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>thirty <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">day period </del>of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the desiccation process was complete, the body underwent thirty <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">days </ins>of final preparations which included ritual, prayers, sprinkling aromatic sawdust over the body and anointing it with oils.  The oils were both ritual and functional, as they likely softened the body in preparation for the delicate wrapping process, which was known to cause extremities to snap.  Prayers were recited<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the body was wrapped in resin-dabbed linen and incense.  It was the process of wrapping which was believed to transform the body from a deceased human to a divine being.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref> Once the deceased had been properly mummified, wrapped in linen and wearing its painted mask, wig and ceremonial beard, they were no longer a human.  They had assumed a godlike form and were prepared for the afterlife.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Related DailyHistory.org Articles====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l33" >Line 33:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Why was Alexander the Great So Successful In His Conquests?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Why was Alexander the Great So Successful In His Conquests?]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What Factors Led to the Creation of the First Cities?]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Thomas Jefferson, the Founding Fathers<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and Christianity: Interview with Sam Haselby]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Wikis]]  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category: Wikis]]  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Ancient Egyptian History]] [[Category:Religious History]] [[Category:Archeology]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Ancient Egyptian History]] [[Category:Religious History]] [[Category:Archeology]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Contributors}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Mediawiki:Ancient Greece}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====References====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====References====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Updated January 4, 2018.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Contributors}}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=9500&oldid=prevAdmin at 03:07, 22 September 20172017-09-22T03:07:42Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr style="vertical-align: top;" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:07, 22 September 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l28" >Line 28:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 28:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[What was Plato's academy and why did it influence Western thought?]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Alexander the Great Top Ten Booklist]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Why_did_the_Egyptians_Mummify_their_Dead&diff=9499&oldid=prevAdmin at 03:07, 22 September 20172017-09-22T03:07:24Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr style="vertical-align: top;" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:07, 22 September 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4" >Line 4:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>  Since their rediscovery in the 19th century we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very complex process and corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the complex way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death and the underworld.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The word “mummy” comes from an Arabic word that refers to asphalt, which alludes to the black color of the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptians.  It was believed that this black color was a result of the corpse being treated with bitumen.  We now know that the black color of ancient Egyptian mummies is a result of oils, resins, dirt and age.<ref>Ikram, Salima. “Mummification.”  <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 2.</ref>  Since their rediscovery in the 19th century we have learned a great deal about the ancient Egyptians and the reasons they left mummies behind.  It is commonly said that the Egyptians mummified their dead to preserve the body for the afterlife, but this is an oversimplification of a very complex process and corresponding set of beliefs.  The practice of embalming, anointing, wrapping and reciting spells for the dead reflects the complex way in which the Egyptians viewed life, death and the underworld.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==Religious Beliefs about the Human Body and the Afterlife<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ancient Egyptians conceived of the human body as an amalgam of smaller parts including the limbs, organs, blood, bone, hair, et cetera  and that this collection of parts constituted a whole, which was the earthly home for the three parts of the soul.  These parts were known as the ka, the ba and the akh. The ka was the part of the soul that existed in the living realm and the akh was the part of the soul that existed in the land of the dead or the underworld.  The ka and akh were each a kind of “double” of their host.  The ba, which is often depicted as a bird with the head of the deceased, could travel between the two realms of the living and the dead.<ref>Riggs, Christina, “Body.” <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 4.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ancient Egyptians conceived of the human body as an amalgam of smaller parts including the limbs, organs, blood, bone, hair, et cetera  and that this collection of parts constituted a whole, which was the earthly home for the three parts of the soul.  These parts were known as the ka, the ba and the akh. The ka was the part of the soul that existed in the living realm and the akh was the part of the soul that existed in the land of the dead or the underworld.  The ka and akh were each a kind of “double” of their host.  The ba, which is often depicted as a bird with the head of the deceased, could travel between the two realms of the living and the dead.<ref>Riggs, Christina, “Body.” <i>UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology</i>. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 4.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>             </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>             </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11" >Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Egyptians harbored a deep fear that their physical body would be damaged or disfigured after death.  Tomb walls and religious texts feature prayers and spells for protecting the body and guiding the parts of the soul back to the person’s tomb should they get lost or become unable to recognize the body.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4. </ref> Essentially, the individual’s eternal afterlife depended on their body being preserved such that it could be recognized and reanimated by its soul.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Egyptians harbored a deep fear that their physical body would be damaged or disfigured after death.  Tomb walls and religious texts feature prayers and spells for protecting the body and guiding the parts of the soul back to the person’s tomb should they get lost or become unable to recognize the body.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4. </ref> Essentially, the individual’s eternal afterlife depended on their body being preserved such that it could be recognized and reanimated by its soul.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==The role of ritual in death and the transition to the afterlife<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Albany_museum,_egyptian_mummy_-_rsa.jpg|thumbnail|350px|Egyptian Mummy in Albany Museum Grahamstown]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Albany_museum,_egyptian_mummy_-_rsa.jpg|thumbnail|350px|Egyptian Mummy in Albany Museum Grahamstown]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mummification process involved a great deal of ritual and prayer.  It was believed that death was the process of transitioning from the land of the living, a world of suffering and limitations, to the land of the dead, where the deceased (if properly buried) could assume godlike powers including everlasting life and the ability to take any form they choose.<ref>Hays, Harold M. ”Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period). ” ‘’’’UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology’’’’. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 1.</ref>  Any person who could afford it was mummified.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The mummification process involved a great deal of ritual and prayer.  It was believed that death was the process of transitioning from the land of the living, a world of suffering and limitations, to the land of the dead, where the deceased (if properly buried) could assume godlike powers including everlasting life and the ability to take any form they choose.<ref>Hays, Harold M. ”Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period). ” ‘’’’UCLA Encyclopedia Of Egyptology’’’’. 2010 ed.  UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. Web. 11 Nov. 2015, p. 1.</ref>  Any person who could afford it was mummified.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 1.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When a person of great wealth or status died, the process of assisting them in their journey to the afterlife began immediately. The body was transported to the necropolis as a part of a ceremony that constituted a symbolic journey from the land of the living in the east, across the Nile to the land of the dead in the west.<ref>Jones, Dilwyn.  ‘’’’Boats. Egyptian Bookshelf’’’’.  Austin: University of Texas Press. 1995. Print. p. 25.</ref> When the body arrived on the west bank, it was met by a group of priests and priestesses who informed the gods that the deceased had arrived.  Each priest involved played the role of a particular god who received the deceased and participated in their transition to the underworld.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref>      </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When a person of great wealth or status died, the process of assisting them in their journey to the afterlife began immediately. The body was transported to the necropolis as a part of a ceremony that constituted a symbolic journey from the land of the living in the east, across the Nile to the land of the dead in the west.<ref>Jones, Dilwyn.  ‘’’’Boats. Egyptian Bookshelf’’’’.  Austin: University of Texas Press. 1995. Print. p. 25.</ref> When the body arrived on the west bank, it was met by a group of priests and priestesses who informed the gods that the deceased had arrived.  Each priest involved played the role of a particular god who received the deceased and participated in their transition to the underworld.<ref>Riggs,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 4.</ref>      </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The mummification process==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins>==The mummification process==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to remember that the practice of mummification was carried out over period of thousands of years.  The process changed throughout history and there is no one way that the Egyptians mummified their dead.  Described in this article is what Egyptologists call the “classic” manner of mummification, or mummification as it was carried out in the pharaonic period.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to remember that the practice of mummification was carried out over period of thousands of years.  The process changed throughout history and there is no one way that the Egyptians mummified their dead.  Described in this article is what Egyptologists call the “classic” manner of mummification, or mummification as it was carried out in the pharaonic period.<ref>Ikram,<i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i> p. 2.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l28" >Line 28:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 27:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The process of mummification remained common, particularly for the noble classes, from the earliest dynasties all the way to the end of the time of Cleopatra.  Although the details of the ritual changed, the intent remained the same; to preserve the body such that it can perform its essential role of housing the soul in the afterlife.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div class="portal" style="width:85%;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Related DailyHistory.org Articles==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l43" >Line 43:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Contributors}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:Ancient Greece}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Mediawiki:Ancient Greece}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====References====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Admin